Microbiological examination of ready-to-eat cow hide (Ponmo) sold by street vendors in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

Abstract

Cow hide, commonly known as ponmo, is an edible product derived from the skins of large animals such as cattle, camels, and buffaloes.  Ponmo is a popular delicacy in various regions of Nigeria. However, the unhygienic production practices of ready-toeat ponmo often lead  to contamination and spoilage by microorganisms. This study aimed to assess the bacteriological quality of ready-to-eat cow hide  (ponmo) sold by roadside vendors in Makurdi metropolis. Ten samples of ready-to-eat ponmo were collected from roadside vendors in  five different markets: Wadata Market, Wurukum Market, North Bank Market, High-Level Market, and Modern Market. The samples were  washed in distilled water, serially diluted and inoculated onto different media (Nutrient Agar and MacConkey Agar) using the pour plate  method, followed by incubation at 37°C for 24 hours. The bacterial isolates were identified based on cultural, microscopic, and  biochemical characteristics, revealing the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp, and Proteus spp.  Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent bacteria (46.67%), followed by Escherichia coli (35.56%). Statistical analysis indicated no significant difference (P ˃ 0.05) in bacterial load among the samples, with total bacterial counts ranging from 2.50 x 10^5 to 2.75 x 10^5  CFU/g. The presence of these bacteria, some of which can cause food borne illnesses, highlights the public health risks associated with  consuming ready-to-eat ponmo. This study underscores the need for enhanced monitoring of ready-to-eat products and increased public  health education for both vendors and consumers.