Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis among school children in Giwa and Markafi Local Government Areas, Kaduna State, Nigeria

Abstract

Urinary schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that is affecting the health of many children, especially in Nigeria. Awareness about schistosomiasis in some communities is low; hence more children undertake activities in unsafe bodies of water. This study determined the prevalence, socio-demography, risk factors and symptoms of urinary schistosomiasis among school children in Giwa and Makarfi LGAs. A total of 200 school children were enrolled in this study and each of them submitted 10 mL urine sample. Each urine sample was concentrated by centrifugation and the sediment was examined using a light compound microscope. Data collected were analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 23 at 95% confidence interval. Overall prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in this study was 19(9.5%). Spatial prevalence was 10.0% and 9.0% in Giwa and Makarfi LGAs respectively. There was no infection among the females (0.0%), but 13.5% of infection occurred among the males (P=0.003, OR =1.156). School children within the age-group of 18–19 years old had highest infection of 20.0%, followed by 12.1% and 5.6% among those within age-groups of 14-15 and 12-13 years old respectively. The infection was more occurring among children in junior secondary school (10.4%) than among those in senior secondary school (7.7%). Significant risk factors were irrigation farming, swimming, fishing and washing of clothes in rivers (P<0.05, OR >1). Significant symptoms of the disease among them included painful urination and terminal haematuria (P<0.05, OR >1). However, infected individuals mostly encountered frequent urination and abdominal pains (OR>1). Urinary schistosomiasis prevails in the study area. It is important to create widespread awareness and treatment intervention.