Invitro senitivity profile of Plasmodium falcifarum clinical isolates to choloroquine and artemisin combination theraphy from Kano and Jigawa States, Nigeria

Abstract

Malaria continues to cause unacceptably high level of disease and death especially in Africa, with Nigeria bearing the largest burden. Accumulated efforts have been put in place to manage transmission but emergence of Plasmodium falcifarum resistant species has been  a major obstacle to the control efforts. This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of Plasmodium falcifarum isolate to previously  used choloroquine and currently in use Artemisinin and Dihydroartemisinin- amodiaquine in Kano and Jigawa States, Nigeria. Sensitivity  of parasite to the drugs was carried out using WHO invitro Micro test procedure. The results revealed high resistance to chloroquine in all  the study sites, reduced susceptibility to artemisinin in Hadejia and reduced susceptibility to Dihydro-artemisinin- amodiaquine in  Kura and Kano Municiapal. The geometric IC₅₀ values for artemisinin and Dihyrodroartemisiniamodiaquine were found to be below the  resistant threshold cut off values as 3.66nM and 1.29nM respectively, while that of chloroquine were far above the threshold value  (504.66nM). These indicate that, the P. falcifarum is still resistant to choloroquine and Artemisin and its derivatives are still effective for  malaria treatment in the states.