Antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from rectal swabs of neonates from some hospitals within Kaduna metropolis

Abstract

Klebsiella pneumoniae belong to the family Enterobacteriaceae, and have been associated with a wide range of diseases and antibiotic resistance which has contributed to the high mortality rate of neonates. This study was carried out to determine the trend in antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae on neonates from some hospitals in Kaduna metropolis. Three hundred and eighty (380) neonatal rectal swab samples were collected from five hospitals using sterile swab sticks and cultured on CLED Di (bevis) and MacConkey. Bacteria isolates were characterized using cultural methods and using Analytical Profile Index test kit and the apiweb. Phenotypic detection of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) was carried out using double disc diffusion method; presence of cabapenemase was tested using modified Carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) Out of the 380 samples, 16 (4%) were Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. API confirmed the isolates to be Klebsiella pneumoniae sp pneumoniae. The antibiogram showed all isolates were resistant to augementine at 30μg (16, 100%) and cefuroxime (16, 100%), ceftazidime (12, 75%). Antibiobics K. pneumoniae exhibited low resistance are meropenem (0, 0%), nitrofurantoin (1, 6%) and ofloxacin (1, 6%) while Carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKp) was found in 1 (6%) of the isolates resistant to imipenem. 5 (31%) isolates produced ESBL and 6 (38%) isolates were multi drug resistant (MDR). Klebsiella pneumoniae sp pneumoniae isolated from neonatal rectal swab was completely resistant to augmentine and cefuroxime, MDR, ESBL and CRKp was observed in the isolates. Presence of ESBL genes and cabapenem resistant K. pneumonia (CR-Kp) poses a great concern to the health of neonates.