Phenotypic expression of extended spectrum βeta-lactamases and antibiogram of uro-pathogenic bacterial isolates from out-patients attending some private hospitals in Uyo, Nigeria

Abstract

Urinary tract infection is a common health problem in both community and nosocomial setting. Microbiological analysis of mid-stream urine (MSU) of out-patients were carried out using standard microbiological technique. The presence of glucose, protein, ketone, leucocyte, bilirubin and nitrite were found out using dip sticks. The phenotypic detection of extended spectrum beta- lactamase (ESβL) and antibiogram of isolates were determined by disc diffusion method. Of the 150 MSU samples from out-patients, 34.7% had significant bacteriuria (SBU), while 65.3% showed no significant bacteriuria. There was no statistically significant relationship between the occurrences of SBU among subjects based on ages (p=0.567), marital status (p=0.063), educational levels (p=0.789) and occupation (p=0.134) whereas based on gender, there was statistically significant difference at p ˂ 0.05. Sixty (40.0%) of MSU samples had leucocytes, 29.3% contained nitrite, 27.3% contained urobilinogen, 28.7% contained protein, 16.0% had ketone and bilirubin each, 20.7% had glucose, while 12.7% and 9.3% had yeast cells and cellular cells, respectively. Bacterial genera isolated were Staphylococcus, Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Klebsiella, Serratia, Enterococcus and Enterobacter. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., E. coli, coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp and P. aeruginosa were highly sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Gentamycin, while S. marcescens and Enterobacter spp were moderately resistant to Reflacine and Augmentin. ESβLs were detected in E. coli (43.5%), K. pneumoniae (58.8%), P. aeruginosa (63.0%), S. marcescens (60.0%) and Enterobacter species (50.0%). This study has revealed the necessity to routinely carry out medical examinations of subjects attending various hospitals for asymptomatic bacteriuria so as to reduce the prevalence of SBU and prevent symptomatic infection and its complications.