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Aspergillus flavus and Aflatoxin B1 in maize flour sold in the markets of Bobo Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)


Cherileila THIOMBIANO
Abdallah DAO
Isidore Tiandiogo TRAORE
Souleymane DIARRA
Salifou Cheik Abbas ZERBO
Sougrinoma Achille OUEDRAOGO
Alain HIEN
Tarwendpanga Bernadette PICBOUGOUM
Hervé HIEN

Abstract

Maize, widely consumed in Burkina Faso remains a substrate appreciated by aflatoxigenic moulds. The objective of this study was to give the frequency of aflatoxins B1 and Aspergillus flavus in maize flour sold in Bobo Dioulasso.


We conducted a cross-sectional study in Bobo-Dioulasso. From each of the 53 maize flour sellers, 150 g of maize flour was collected. A sanitary analysis was conducted to determine the rate of Aspergillus flavus contamination. A rapid detection kit was used for Aflatoxin B1 screening. The amounts of aflatoxin B1 detected were grouped into 4 classes: < 5 ng/g, [5- 10 [ng/g, [10- 20[ ng/g and ≥ 20 ng/g, and compare to the codex Alimentarius recommendations. The sanitary analysis showed that 90.57% of samples were contaminated by Aspergillus flavus, with an average contamination rate of 60.18%. This rate was significantly different between central and peripheral markets (p-value=0.02). Aflatoxin B1 was detected in 94.33% of samples, and 58.49% were above the codex Alimentarius recommendations for Aflatoxins B1(10 ng/g). The amounts of aflatoxin B1 increased with the average contamination rate by Aspergillus flavus (p < 0.001). About 60 % of maize flour sold in the markets of Bobo Dioulasso (Burkina Faso) is unsuitable for consumption.


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eISSN: 2756-7605
print ISSN: 1011-6028