Prevalence de Ia schistosomiase urinaire en milieu scolaire dans un milieu periurbain de Ouagadougou : Cas du quartier Yamtenga (Burkina Faso)

Abstract

L'objectif de cette etude est d'evaluer la prevalence de la schistosomiase urinaire dans un quartier periurbain de la ville de Ouagadougou. Une enquete malacologique a ete menee dans le barrage de Yamtenga durant le mois de decembre 2011. Le ramassage manuel a ere utilise pour recolter les mollusques. Le test d' emission des cercaires par les mollusques a ete utilise pour la detection de l'agent infestant chez les mollusques. Cette enquete malacologique a ete suivie d'une enquete parasitologique qui s'est deroulee en Janvier 2012 dans deux ecoles primaires du dit quartier. La methode de filtration de 10 m1 d'urine a ete utilisee pour la detection des reufs de Schistosoma haematobium. Bulinus truncatus a ete le seul bote intermediaire rencontre au Barrage. Le taux d'infestation naturelle des mollusques etait de 2,05 %. Un effectif de 323 eleves provenant de deux ecoles primaires a participe a  l'etude. La prevalence globale de la schistosomiase a Schistosoma heamatobium etait de 2,78 %. La prevalence etait de 5,66% chez les gar~ons contre 0% chez les filles (p = 0,002). La prevalence de la schistosomiase urinaire est faible et l'enquete malacologique montre que Bulinus truncatus assureraient la transmission de la schistosomiase urinaire.

Mots-cles : schistosomiase urinaire, Bulinus truncatus, eleves, Yamtenga, Burkina Faso

Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in school in a suburban area in Ouagadougou : case of Yamtenga (Burkina Faso ).

This study aims to assess the situation of urinary schistosomiasis in a suburban area of the city of Ouagadougou. A malacological survey followed by a  parasitological survey was carried out within the schoolchild of Y amtenga. The malacological survey was to identify intermediates hosts of schistosomiasis in the dam of Y amtenga. And parasitological survey was carried out for the diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis. For the detection of eggs of Schistosoma haematobium filtration method of 10ml of urine was applied. The test of emission of cercariae by the snails was used in order to detect those snails which were naturally infected. The presence of Bulinus truncatus has been reported with a natural infection rate of
2.05%. A total of323 school children were enrolled from two primary schools in this study. The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis was 2.78%. According to the gender, the prevalence was 5.66% among males against 0% in the female (p=0.002). The results showed that urinary schistosomiasis persists in the city of Ouagadougou but however with a low prevalence. Malacological survey shows that Bulinus truncatus can be responsible of transmission of urinary schistosomiasis.

Keywords: Urinary schistosomiasis, Bulinus truncatus, schoolchild, Y amtenga, Burkina Faso.