Factors affecting control and eradication of malaria in Cape Coast, Ghana

Abstract

The Global Malarial Action Plan (GMAP) addresses different measures towards achieving complete elimination of malaria, the most dangerous vector-borne disease. Present efforts for prevention and treatment of malaria in Cape Coast, a small town in southern Ghana, has achieved significant improvement from the past in controlling both the morbidity and mortality rates through various approaches. However, the current efforts and methodology in proceeding towards elimination of malaria presents many unanswered questions in terms of its level of sustainability. This report provides an overview of the current strategies implemented and addresses multifactorial issues that impede the control and eradication of malaria in Cape Coast. In addition, the effectiveness and sustainability of these strategies to achieve such intended goals have been evaluated. This study was conducted within Cape Coast, Ghana among 2 rural villages, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital and the general populous. Data collection involved face-to-face interviews of 55 individuals residing in Cape Coast, as well as, the use of hospital records on malaria. The paper concludes by indicating that more funding in infrastructure, as well as, serious advancement in public action is essential for improved malarial control and complete elimination of the disease.

Keywords: DDT: Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, GMAP: Global Malaria Action Plan, IRS: Indoor residual spraying (insecticide), ITN: Insecticide-treated nets, LBW: Low birth weight, LLIN: Long-lasting insecticide-treated nets, LSM: Larval Source Management, NHIS: National Health Insurance Scheme, Pf: Plasmodium Falciparum, WHO: World Health Organization