Importance of ultr asonography in e valuating eye injuries: data from Birnin K ebbi, N igeria

Abstract

Background: Ocular trauma remains an important cause of poor vision and blindness world-wide. Management of ocular trauma with haze media poses a great challenge to ophthalmologist. However the potential role of B scan ultrasonography in the diagnosis and management of a patient with hazy or non-visible posterior segment following ocular trauma has not been fully explored.

Objective: To describe the use of B scans ultrasound (US) in the diagnosis and management of posterior segment ocular trauma in patients with media opacities.

Methods: This was a 5-year retrospective study of patients with ocular trauma who presented at the Department of Ophthalmology Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria and sent for B scan US because of hazy or non-visible fundus. The ultrasound diagnosis was compared with clinical diagnosis. The data were analysed with SPSS 20 Version.

Results: A total of 119 patients with ocular trauma had B scan US; 62.2% were male; the mean age was 34.2±20.1years. Patients were either students (27.7%) or full-time housewives (27.7%). Ocular injury was unilateral in 103 (86.6%) participants and bilateral in 13 (13.4%) participants. The right eye, 75 (63%) was most affected by the trauma. Most of the trauma 116 (97.5%) were due to closed eye injury. Ocular B scan was normal in 3 (2.5%) of the patients. The correlation between clinical diagnosis and B scan US diagnosis was 58.9%.

Conclusion: B scan ultrasonography enabled diagnosis of 97.5% of ocular injuries not diagnosed at clinical examination due to haze media. Therefore the importance of B scan ultrasonography in the management of ocular trauma with hazy media is underscored.

Keywords: B scans ultrasound; ocular trauma, haze media, Nigeria