Prevalence of canine parvoviral enteritis in Yola metropolitan region of Adamawa State, Nigeria

Abstract

Canine parvoviral enteritis (CPE) causes severe clinical disease with high morbidity and mortality in puppies less than 5 months of age and adult dogs with insufficient immunity. Nine-year (2010-2018) data were collated and analyzed on clinical records of dogs infected with CPE in Yola metropolis. Out of 2,220 dogs presented, 177 were diagnosed infected with CPE giving an overall prevalence of 7.97% (95% CI: 6.85-9.05). The annual highest prevalence of 20.59% (95% CI: 16.98-24.65) was recorded in 2018 with 90 cases and lowest prevalence of 1.12% (95% CI: 0.00-2.79) was recorded in 2011 with 2 cases. Based on season, highest prevalence of 16.38% (95% CI: 11.82-21.31) was recorded in December with 38 cases while lowest prevalence of 1.64% (95% CI: 0.00-3.65) was recorded in October with 3 cases. Both annual and monthly prevalence rates varied significantly (P<0.05). Age distribution showed higher prevalence in puppies less than 5 months (8.81%) followed by dogs of 6-11 months (7.25%) and least in dogs older than one year (5.42%). Female dogs were observed to be more affected (8.34%) than male dogs (7.69%). The observed breed prevalence shows highest occurrence in Alsatian (10.11%), followed by Local dogs (8.10%), Rottweiler (6.20%) and Caucasian (5.83%) with least prevalence in Cross breeds (4.39%) with significant statistical difference (X²= 11.869, P< 0.05). The prevalence of CPE was observed to be higher in unvaccinated (8.73%) than in vaccinated dogs (6.99%). There was no significant association observed between CPE with age, sex and vaccination status (P>0.05). It was concluded that CPE is endemic and widespread in Yola metropolis. Therefore, the need for vaccination of dogs and investigation into the potency of vaccines currently used in the study area were recommended.

Keywords: Adamawa State, Canine parvovirus, Enteritis, Prevalence, Yola