Assessment of Perception of Rabies Infection Risk among Dog Handlers and Dog Meat Consumers in Plateau State, Nigeria

Abstract

The risk of rabies exposure via atypical means such as handling dogs that have uncertain vaccination status, handling/processing and eating dog meat make public enlightenment inevitable. A cross-sectional study was conducted among dog handlers, dog meat handlers, and consumers at dog sales/slaughter locations and sales points of dog meat in the three major dog markets in Plateau State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were randomly administered to 150 respondents via face-toface interviews or self-administered. Data collected were analyzed using IBM® SPSS® statistics version 23.0. Chi-squared test of association was conducted to determine the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and perceived risk of rabies exposure among respondents. Binary logistic regression models were used to determine the strength of the association. Logistic regression models were statistically significant for the combination of sex and tertiary educational background to predict likelihood that respondents would eat all parts of dog meat, χ2 (2) = 7.023, P-value = 0.03. The effect size was between 6.2% (Cox and Snell R2) and 8.4% (Nagelkerke R2) of the variance in likelihood to eat all parts of dog meat and correctly classified as 60.9% of cases. Educational background was the only statistically significant predictor variable (p-value=0.016; 95% CI: 0.16– 0.83), as respondents in the higher educational cadre (tertiary) have a better perception of risk of rabies and are not likely to eat all parts of the dog meat nor a rabid dog. The study reveals the significance of taking appropriate actions to ensure rabies control and prevention, rather than having mere head knowledge of the disease. Strict policies against indiscriminate dog trade, uninspected slaughter, and improper processing of dog meat, are necessary steps to prevent disease incursions via atypical means.