Essentials of Total Parenteral Nutrition: A review

Abstract

The advent of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in the late 1960s meant that no situation remained in which a patient could not be fed. Unfortunately, total parenteral nutrition was complicated in its early days by serious infective and metabolic side effects that undermined the beneficial effects of nutrient repletion. However, these TPN associated problems were minimized over time with the advancement of science, improvement of infection control measures, invention of suitable equipments, and experience. Now benefits are much greater than drawbacks. In this report we reviewed the literature and documented the indications, composition and preparation, as well as, procedure, and administration of TPN both in children and adults. We also discussed the possible complications of therapy and how to prevent it and manage it when present. We conclude by noting the progress of TPN service in Sudan.

Keywords: artificial feeding, enteral feeding, trace elements, aminoacids