Effects of Cognitive and Emotional Impairment Management Bundle among Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Randomized Control Double-blinded Trial

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the major non-communicable disease causing increased mortality and morbidity worldwide.  Among cardiovascular diseases, coronary artery disease is one of the life-threatening diseases. The majority of patients, after the acute  event of coronary artery disease, suffer from mental stress, depression, and cognitive impairments. Therefore, this study mainly focuses  on the effect of the Cognitive and Emotional Impairment Management Bundle (CEIMB) among patients with coronary artery disease.

Methods: This randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial was conducted in a tertiary care center among patients with coronary artery  disease. The samples were recruited from the coronary intensive care unit through purposive sampling technique. After the sample  selection, they were allotted to control (n1 = 55) and intervention (n2 = 56) groups through block randomization. The intervention was  provided through three sessions. The study was registered under the Clinical Trial registry of the country. The statistical analysis was  done using the SPSS ver. 25. The analysis was done by mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentage, and two-way repeated measures  ANOVA.

Results: The mean age of the participants in the control group was 56.6 ± 6.1 years, and in the experimental group  was 57.6 ± 6.4 years. The majority of the participants (39.3%) in the intervention group had severe depression, moderate levels of stress (30.4%), and medication adherence (96.4%). In the experimental group, depression, stress, medication adherence, and cognition had a  statistically significant difference at different periods (<0.05).

Conclusion: The impaired mental status and cognitive level of the patients  after the cardiac event negatively influences the patient’s prognosis, contributing to readmission and premature death.