Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Sudanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Background: Individuals with type 2 diabetes who have optimum condition management are exposed to a significantly higher risk of  developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to those who do not have diabetes. People with diabetes are estimated to have a  fourfold greater risk of developing CVD than people without diabetes. CVD risk factors other than diabetes include older age, obesity  hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, and a family history of coronary or kidney diseases.

Objectives: The study aims to assess the  cardiovascular risk factors among type2 diabetes at Ribat Hospital Diabetes Clinic, Sudan.

Methods: T2 DM patients were evaluated for  the presence of CVD risk factors by using data collecting form to extract data verbally and from patients’ files.

Results: Out of 147 T2 DM  files, 92 (61.7 %) were female, 57 (38.3 %) were male, and 58 (38.9 %) patients were ≥ 60 year old. Patients who had poor glycemic control  were 112 (75.2 %) and those who met the glycemic target were only 37 (24.8 %). Older age (P = 0.01) and diabetes duration (P = 0.026)  were associated with poor glycemic control. Prevalence of hypertension was 61 (40.9 %), dyslipidemia 31 (20.8 %), and physical inactivity  112 (75.2 %). All patients had at least one CVD risk factor and those having all three risk factors were 48 (32.2 %).

Conclusion: All T2 DM  diabetic patients in RHDC had at least one CVD risk factor and almost a third of them had all three risk factors. Poor glycemic control,  physical inactivity, hypertension, and age ≥ 60 had the higher prevalence of CVD risk factors.