Anti-inflammatory Activities of the Leaves Extracts and Compounds Isolated from Boscia coriacea Graells, Uvaria leptocladon Oliv and In vitro Antibacterial Activity Test of the Isolated Compounds

Abstract

Anti-inflammatory drugs that have been used for the treatment of diseases are associated with numerous adverse effects. Antibacterial drugs resistance has become one of the major challenges of controlling infectious diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to search for safe and effective anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drugs. The objective of this study was to evaluate anti-inflammatory activities of the leaves extracts and compounds isolated from Boscia coriacea Graells, Uvaria leptocladon Oliv and antibacterial effects of the isolated compounds. Fresh leaves of B. coriacea and U. leptocladon were collected in April 2021 from Alie and Konso, Southern Ethiopia. The powdered leaves of B. coriacea and U. leptocladon were extracted using 80% MeOH by maceration extraction method. Compound isolation was performed using column chromatography and structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was done using nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR). Carrageenan induced paw-edema model, cotton pellet induced granuloma method and protein denaturation assay were used to test the anti-inflammatory activities of the leaves extracts of the plants. Agar well diffusion assay was used to evaluate antimicrobial activity of the compounds isolated from the leaves of B. coriacea and U. leptocladon. Analysis of the difference between antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of the different groups was performed using one-way analysis of variance with post hoc comparison (Tukey’s test). β-sitosterol and lucidine-type compounds were isolated from B. coriacea.1-tiacontanol, Beta-sitosterol, Beta-sitosterol glucoside, whereas alpha-humulene were isolated from U. leptocladon. All compounds except 1-tricontanol showed anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. The leaves extracts of B. coriacea and U. leptocladon contain compounds, which have potent anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. Further study is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial actions of βeta-sitosterol, βeta-sitosterol glucoside, alpha-humulene and lucidine type compound.