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Oct 3, 2006Article Details
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Thrombo-embolic and bleeding complications in patients with mechanical valve replacements - a prospective observational study
Abstract
Materials and methods. A prospective observational study was conducted over a 4-month period. Data on 306 patients attending the Johannesburg General Hospital anticoagulation clinic between 2000 and 2005 were analysed. Of the total patients selected, 205 were assigned to the mechanical valve replacement group (which included 63 patients with AVRs, 93 with MVRs and 49 with DVRs); a control group of 101 nonmechanical valve replacement patients were also included. At each visit the level of anticoagulation was assessed from the international normalised ratio (INR) values, and the presence of bleeding and / or thrombo-embolic complications was documented.
Results. There were a total of 51 bleeding and thrombo-embolic complications in the study population. Patients with DVRs had a higher proportion of combined complications (30.61%) than patients with single valve replacements (14.29% in the AVR group and 18.05% in the MVR group) and patients in the control group (12.87%). There were 38 bleeding complications, 30 minor and 8 major. Twelve thrombo-embolic events were documented. Individually, there was no significant difference in thrombo-embolic and bleeding complications between the subgroups. Eighty-two per cent of patients in the mechanical valve replacement group were within the therapeutic range for anticoagulant control (INR 2.5 - 3.5) v. 54% in the control group (INR 2.0 - 3.0). Anticoagulant control was of a high quality and was not a contributing factor to the incidence of bleeding and / or thrombo-embolic complications.
Conclusion. The finding of a low incidence of bleeding and thrombo-embolic complications in patients with mechanical valve replacements supports the continued placement of mechanical valves in our setting and use of oral anticoagulation therapy at an INR of 2.5 - 3.5. However the increased risk of both bleeding and thrombo-embolic complications in the DVR group is cause for great concern and warrants further investigation.
South African Medical Journal Vol. 96(8) 2006: 710-713
