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Alpha-thalassaemia trait as a cause of unexplained microcytosis in a South African population


SB Loonat
NH Naran
SL Thein
NA Alli

Abstract

Background. Red cell microcytosis is a common abnormality detected in a full blood count, which often prompts clinicians to investigate further for a cause. In the absence of iron deficiency and anaemia of chronic disease, the differential diagnosis includes β-thalassaemia trait and α-thalassaemia trait.

Methods. We investigated the contribution of α-thalassaemia trait in South African subjects with unexplained microcytosis. Iron studies, haemoglobin subfractionation and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis for α-globin gene deletions were performed on 97 controls and 86 patients.

Results. After excluding iron deficiency, anaemia of chronic disease and β thalassaemia trait, 78.0% of subjects with unexplained microcytosis were confirmed on PCR analysis to have α-thalassaemia trait.

Conclusion. Alpha-thalassaemia trait accounts for the majority of unexplained microcytosis.


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eISSN: 2078-5135
print ISSN: 0256-9574