Assessment of runoff potential for disaster risk reduction using geospatial technology in Opa watershed, Southwestern Nigeria

Abstract

Flood prediction is very important in land and water resources management. Many flood disasters could be mitigated with adequate preparedness especially in urban watershed. This study assessed the runoff potential of Opa watershed in Southwest Nigeria using remote sensing and the Soil Conservation Service or SCS curve number (CN) techniques. The 2007 NigSat image of the year 2007 was classified into different land cover classes and combined with its hydrological soil groups to determine the curve number of each sub-watershed. The sub-watershed with low curve number is considered to have lower runoff potential while the one with higher curve number is considered to have higher runoff potential. The CN was also used to estimate the potential maximum retention, (S) and potential runoff, (Q) for each sub-watershed using a rainfall event of 2-year return period in the watershed. The weighted runoff was used to determine sub-watersheds with highest and lowest runoff potential. The study showed that urban sub-watershed 9 with average CN value of 85.93 has highest weighted runoff potential (5.53 mm) while the vegetated sub-watershed 10 with average CN value of 69.46 has the lowest weighted runoff potential (0.34 mm). The study concluded that using available geospatial technology and appropriate hydrologic assessment techniques constitute an effective flood prediction method for disaster risk reduction and sustainable urban watershed management.