Diagnosis and prognosis of bovine mastitis using ultrasonography and the associated risk factors on dairy farms

Abstract

The study aimed to test whether the ultrasonographic morphometry and characteristic traits of udders and teats could be used to identify clinical mastitis in forty-eight adult Holstein–Friesian dairy cows. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were also declared with the help of the California Mastitis Test and Somatic Cell Count. Clinically, dairy cows (n = 48) were in their third lactation in order to undergo both ultrasonographic and phenotypic morphometry. Udder parenchyma as echotexture, teat width, teat width at the rosette of Furstenberg, teat cistern width, teat wall thickness, teat canal length, and ratios of TC/TWT, TWT/TW and TC/TW, as well as supramammary lymph node size, were evaluated, whereas phenotypic morphometric traits, i.e., udder circumference, udder depth, udder length, teat length, teat circumference, teat diameter, and the shortest distance from teat ends to floor were measured. There was substantial difference between morphological parameters of the teat such as, teat width, teat width at the rosette of Furstenberg, teat wall thickness, ratio of TC/TWT, ratio of TWT/TW, ratio TC/TW, teat canal length, echogenicity variables, and phenotypic morphometric traits, except for the teat cistern width. Pearson correlation indicated a strong correlation between lymph node length and lymph node width. Clinical mastitis in cattle is related to udder and teat morphometric traits. Incorporating these characteristics into the selection and breeding programme may aid in the selection of animals for mastitis resistance. Ultrasound is an effective imaging and morphological assessment tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of clinical mastitis in dairy cows.