Ukuhlalutywa kokusetyenziswa kwepragmatiki ekuphononongeni iincwadi ezikhethiweyo zikaTamsanqa noPeteni kujoliswe kwintsingiselo efihlakeleyo

Abstract

Njengoko uphandolwazi olugudle ipragmatiki lwenziwe ziingcali ngeengcali zisebenzisa ingcingane kaGrice kwanentsingiselo efihlakeleyo, oku kwenziwe kujoliswe kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo eziphawula ngokusetyenziswa kolwimi kwiintetho zabantu, uhlalutyo kusetyenziswa ipragmatiki kuncwadi lunqongophele ingakumbi kuhlalutyo nzulu loncwadi lwesiXhosa. Eli nqaku liza kuthi ligxile kwintsingiselo  efihlakeleyo ekuboniseni indlela abalinganiswa nababhali abathi babandakanye ngayo incoko ethi ibonakalise uphawu lwepragmatiki  ekuthiwa yintsingiselo efihlakaleyo. Ingcingane kaGrice iza kuthi isetyenziswe ukuhlalutya iincwadi ezichongelwe eli nqaku. UGrice kule ngcingane yakhe kukho imigaqo athi yimigaqo yonxibelelwano nethi ibe nezaci ezine ezisisiseko. Ezi zaci ziza kuthi zihliwe amahlongwane phezulu kwiincwadi zikaTamsanqa ezizezi, Nyana wam! Nyana wam! Ithemba liyaphilisa, Inzala kaMlungisi nekaPeteni ethi, KwaZidenge ukutyhila ukuba ababhali bathe bazibonakalisa njani ekubaliseni kwabo. Ezi zaci zezi zilandelayo; Isaci somgangatho, Isaci sobalo, Isaci sonxulumano kunye nesaci sobunjani. Eli nqaku lihlalutya iindlela abathetha ngazo abalinganiswa njengokuba umyalezo abawudlulisayo kufuneka kube lula ukuwuqanda ungabi mbaxa. Eli nqaku liye lafumanisa ukuba izaci zisetyenziswe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ngababhali apho ziye zilandelwe nalapho zityeshelwayo khona ngabalinganiswa kwiintetho zabo. Phantsi kwesaci ngasinye kuphawuleka  ukusetyenziswa ngokukuko kwesaci ngumbhali, okanye umlinganiswa, nokungasetyenziswa ngokukuko kwaso, ukutsho oko ukutyeshelwa kwezaci ezo, oku kuza kutyhilwa xa kuhlalutywa iincwadi ezichongiweyo zesiXhosa. Ingcingane yepragmatiki kaGrice echaza banzi ngentsingiselo efihlakeleyo iza kuthi isetyenziswe njengesiseko sokuhlalutya iincwadi zesiXhosa ezikhethelwe eli nqaku.

English title: Pragmatic analysis of implicature in Tamsanqa and Peteni’s selected works

Research that uses Grician theory as a framework has been conducted by a number of scholars dealing with language issues and people’s use of language. The use of pragmatics and implicature as a framework in the analysis of literature is an area in need of development in isiXhosa. This article examines the implicature that is portrayed in the selected isiXhosa texts through the writer’s and characters words. A Gricean idea of implicature will be employed as the framework in analysing Tamsanqa’s Nyana wam! Nyana wam!, Ithemba liyaphilisa, Inzala kaMlungisi and Peteni’s KwaZidenge. Grice’s maxims of quality, quantity, manner and relevance have been employed to analyse and understand the conversation in the selected texts. The integration of literature and language reveals that literature finds its expression in language; hence the characters’ and writers’ words are analysed using implicature. Grice’s theory explores the fact that speakers do not always obey maxims in conversation. In the isiXhosa texts chosen for this article, the characters’ and authors’ utterances are explored in order to reveal their intentions and identities, which are hidden behind their language. This article reveals that characters assume that entering into a conversation with each other implies that the co-operative principle and its regulative conventions are obeyed. It has been noted that some characters’ utterances do not conform to these maxims.