Application of seismic refraction methods in groundwater studies in Calabar Southeastern Nigeria.

Abstract

Calabar, the Cross River State capital, is underlain by Benin Formation. The formation is partly marine, partly deltaic and partly fluviolacustrine in origin. Seismic refraction surveys in the area
show that the aquiferous zone has seismic wave velocity of 700-800ms while the non aquiferous zone has velocity ranging from 400-600ms. The velocity is larger in the aquiferous zone because the density in the water bearing sand is higher. Vertical electric sounding confirms the hydrogeologic boundaries between these zones established by the seismic refraction survey.

Key words: Seismic Refraction, Groundwater, Velocity, Vertical Electrical Sounding, Aquifer