Relevance of surface characterization of <i>Bambusa vulgaris</i> (l.) leaf extract doped iron nanoparticle

Abstract

In the present study, green nano scaled zero-valent irons (nZVI) were synthesized from Bambusa vulgaris leaf extract at room temperature. The plant extract was evaluated for the presence of reducing agents (bioactive compounds) phytochemically using standard methods. nZVI was systematically characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis), and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) techniques. The SEM and XRD results showed that after the reduction process for 4 hr at 25^oC, the iron powder obtained was a single phase of lamellar or platy α-Fe crystals with the presence of medium nanoparticles (10-100 nm) having crystal size, L ranging from 40-46 nm (42.2 nm) and particle size, D ranging from 53-70 nm (56.1 nm) for both 0.3 M and 0.9 M B. vulgaris-nZVI. It has been demonstrated that B. vulgaris leaf extract was capable of producing iron nanoparticles that shows good stability in solution and under the UV-Visible wavelength, nanoparticles exhibited quite good surface plasmon resonance behavior in the range of 220-740 nm. The FT-1R spectra revealed that the vibrational bands at 3722.76 cm^-1 and 3706.4 cm^-1 represented the O-H stretching due to the presence of polyphenol as a functional group in addition to tannins, saponins, and others which may be responsible for the  eduction of ferrous ion (Fe³⁺) to zero-valent iron (Fe^o). This study reveals that B. vulgaris-nZVI possessing short-time synthesis protocol, anisotropism, and eco-benignity could be promising lowcost matrix for remediation (both soil and water), adsorption, catalysis, and other applications.