Enhancing crop resistance to root nematodes through advanced breeding techniques

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using nematode-resistant maize and cassava in Nigeria to improve farmers' sustainability and reduce pest pressures. Nematodes significantly impact global crop yield and availability, necessitating the development of resistant cultivars to reduce yield losses and reliance on chemical control measures. Field experiments were conducted in Agbor-Nta, Nigeria, using Resistant Variety A and Resistant Variety D developed from CRISPRCas9 and Marker Assisted Selection. The study found that Resistant Variety A reduced nematode count by 80%, increased yields, and higher net profits. Resistant Variety D also showed reasonable nematode control and economic returns, significantly reducing the nematode population to 12 per gram, achieving a 76% reduction. The adoption rate of CRISPR-Cas9 developed Resistant Variety A reached 50% by 2024. The study underscored the importance of advanced breeding technologies in producing nematode-resistant crops for farming sustainability and economies. The application of germplasm from CRISPR-Cas9 and MAS techniques successfully improved genetic improvement, reduced pest pressures, and enhanced yields. These findings align with efforts to improve agricultural sustainability by promoting  reliable crop types to maintain food supply and economic stability in agricultural-dependent areas.