Demonstrating the staining ability of <i>Zingiber officinale</i> and <i>Curcuma longa</i> as replacement to Eosin Y in EA50

Abstract

Nicholas Papanicolaou developed the Pap stain, a combination of three major stains used for cervical smears. Eosin-Azure (EA50), one of these stains, includes Eosin Y, Light Green SF, and Bismarck brown. This study explores the use of Curcuma longa extract as a substitute for Eosin Y in EA50. Cervical smears from premenopausal women were collected and stained using both the standard Papanicolaou stain and a modified version where Eosin Y was replaced with Curcuma longa extract. The modified stain's effectiveness was assessed based on the quality of staining of superficial cells. The modified stain (T.A- extract) successfully stained and highlighted superficial cells, while the Zingiber officinale extract (Z.A) performed poorly in staining the nuclei and cytoplasm. The staining ability of the Curcuma longa extract was found to be 100% comparable to the traditional Papanicolaou stain. Staining aims to clearly demonstrate cellular components for diagnostic purposes, and many existing stains are long-established but require modifications for better application. Using local alternatives can enhance availability and affordability. Curcuma longa is readily available and, based on our findings, can effectively replace Eosin Y in Eosin-Azure stains. Further research into the dye components of herbal products and their staining capabilities could lead to cost-effective, locally sourced alternatives to imported stains.