Remediation of crude oil polluted soil using a combination of macerated cobs of <i>Zea mays</i> and <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i>

Abstract

This study evaluated the bio-absorptive potentials of Pleurotus ostreatus and macerated cobs of Zea mays in the remediation of crude oil polluted soil. Crude oil contaminated soil was collected from B-Dere community located in Gokana L.G.A, Rivers State and analyzed for physicochemical, Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metal. The crude oil polluted soil sample was divided into five parts of 2,000 g each with the following quantity of macerated cobs of Zea mays, P. ostreatus and triton x- 00 added and labeled thus: a) Polluted soil without treatment – cell A (control sample), b) 20ml of triton x-100 - cell B, c) 150 g of macerated cob of Zea mays – cell C, d) 150 g of P. ostreatus – cell D and e) 100 g of macerated cobs of Zea mays and P. ostreatus(i.e. 50 g each) – cell E.Soil samples were collected six (6) weeks after treatment with macerated cobs of Zea mays and P. ostreatus and incubated in sterile plastic bags and transferred to the laboratory for physicochemical, TPH, PAHs and heavy metal analyses. There were significant changes in the mean physico-chemical parameters before remediation (i.e., week 0) and remediation. After 6 weeks of remediation, TPH and PAHs concentration across all the cells were significantly (p< 0.05) reduced. The remediation process led to a notable reduction in TPH, PAHs and heavy metal concentrations suggesting its effectiveness in removal of these toxicants. Thus, the combination method is more effective and can enhance bioremediation process as well as solve the problem of waste management and utilization.