Biostimulation potentials of spent milled maize and cowblood on a crude oil polluted soil

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the biostimulation effect of the application of spent milled maize and cow blood to crude oil polluted soil. The treatment groups were; Control (0 L crude oil (CO) + 0 kg spent milled maize (SMM)), group 1 (1 L CO + 1 kg SMM + 1 L cow blood), group 2 (2 L CO + 2 kg SMM) and group 3 (5 L CO + 5 kg SMM). The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design A total of four treatment combinations were applied and replicated 3 times giving a total of 48 plots.The physicochemical properties and bacterial load of the soil were determined before pollution, two weeks after pollution, four weeks and eight weeks after remediation. The results for physicochemical properties of soil indicates a decrease in total organic carbon and nitrogen while there was an increase in the levels of cation exchange capacity, phosphorus and electrical conductivity after crude oil pollution. The mean levels of total petroleum hydrocarbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon reduced after the pollution. The application of the spent milled maize and cow bloodwere observed to improve the physicochemical properties of soil. There was also an increased bacterial count for the treated groups compared to the control; the values ranged from 1.3 x 10³cfu/g to 1.24 x 10⁸cfu/g. The identified bacteria were Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Micrococcus, Proteus, Clostridium and Nocardia species.Generally, this study has revealed that spent milled maize and cow blood are effective in the restoration of crude oil polluted soil.