Prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety among University of Rwanda community during COVID-19 pandemic in 2020

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted many aspects of people’s well-being worldwide, including the mental and physical health of university students and staff. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in students and staff of the University of Rwanda (UR).
METHODS: Utilizing an online Google form, this rapid screening cross-sectional study collected and analyzed primary data from 693 participants (students: 73.9% and staff: 26.1%). Data was collected using a sociodemographic characteristic questionnaire and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) for anxiety and depression. Multiple logistic regression model was used to test the association between social demographic characteristics, historical background and outcome variables.
RESULTS: This study found that about 40.6% of students had anxiety symptoms while 38.5% exhibited depression symptoms. Among staff, 34.8 % reported anxiety and 29.3% reported depression. Associated factors of anxiety included experiencing quarantine, pre-existing mental health conditions, exposure to violence, and belonging to a low-income household. Depression was linked to pre-existing mental health issues, COVID-19 related quarantine, and experiences of violence. Notably, students were more prone presenting with symptoms of depression as opposed to staff.
CONCLUSION: The study revealed a high prevalence of anxiety and depression among both students and staff. These findings emphasize the need for mental health services to be made available on campus to support those in the university community who are in need of assistance.