Assessment of soil and water physical and chemical properties for crop production in the Nyarubogo irrigation scheme, Rwanda

Abstract

Agricultural production is significantly influenced by the soil and water quality, especially in irrigation systems, where poor management  may result in degraded soil and lower crop yields. This study is noteworthy because it tackles the problems of nutrient imbalances,  salinity, and acidity in the Nyarubogo irrigation system. This study aimed to assess the irrigation scheme's soil and water quality to spot  any hazards to crop productivity and suggest suitable mitigation measures. A wide range of characteristics, such as pH, nutrient content,  total dissolved solids (TDS), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), adsorption ratio (SAR), and electrical  conductivity (EC), were determined on a comprehensive set of soil and water samples. The results showed that, with pH values ranging  from 5.1 to 6.9, most of the soils in the study area are acidic, which may hinder crop development and nutrient availability. Furthermore,  the soil demonstrated a moderate cation exchange capacity (CEC), suggesting a respectable ability to retain nutrients. The SAR of the  water samples in this study ranged from 0.22 to 0.28 meq/l, indicating that water was suitable for irrigation and that no adverse effects  were anticipated. It is evident from the high MAR values found in irrigation water that cautious management is required to avoid long- term soil deterioration. To lessen the negative consequences of acidity, salinity, and nutrient imbalances, this research emphasizes the  need to routinely monitor the soil and water and use specific soil management techniques. The findings establish a basis for enhancing  soil health and maintaining agricultural output, giving farmers and agricultural managers involved in the Nyarubogo irrigation project  crucial information