Research Journal of Health Sciences https://www.ajol.info/index.php/rejhs <p>The <em>Research Journal of Health Sciences</em> is dedicated to promoting high quality research work in the field of health and related biological sciences. It aligns with the mission of the Osun State University, which is “to create a unique institution, committed to the pursuit of academic innovation, skills-based training and a tradition of excellence in teaching, research and community service”. The Journal acts as a medium of improving the quality of health care and medical education particularly in the context of developing countries with limited resources.</p> <p>The <em>Research Journal of Health Sciences</em> aim to make a substantial contribution towards providing high quality publications in health sciences and related biological sciences. It publishes manuscripts from basic and clinical sciences that have not been submitted for publication/or under consideration for publication elsewhere. The Journal ensures a rigorous review process.</p> <p>Research Journal of Health Sciences journal is a peer reviewed, Open Access journal. The Journal subscribed to terms and conditions of Open Access publication. Articles are distributed under the terms of Creative Commons License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). (<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-nc-nd/4.0">http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-nc-nd/4.0</a>). All articles are made freely accessible for everyone to read, download, copy and distribute as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.</p> en-US <h3>By submitting manuscripts to RJHS authors of original articles are assigning copyright to the College of Health Sciences, Osun State University. Authors may use their own work after publication without written permission, provided they acknowledge the original source. 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No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.</p> editor.rjhs@uniosun.edu.ng (Professor Alebiosu C.O. BSc, MBChB, FWACP) deskeditor2.rjhs@uniosun.edu.ng (Dr Atere M.A, MPhil) Wed, 05 Mar 2025 15:13:51 +0000 OJS 3.3.0.11 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 Patterns of blood pressure and pulse pressure in patients with thyroid disorder in a Tertiary Health Center in South West Nigeria https://www.ajol.info/index.php/rejhs/article/view/290505 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Thyroid disorders rank second among the diversity of endocrine diseases. Thyroid impairments have been implicated as a&nbsp; potential risk factor for blood pressure and pulse pressure disorders, with potential risk factors for future cardiovascular events. This&nbsp; study aims to determine the pattern of blood pressure and pulse pressure in patients with thyroid disorders.</p> <p><strong>Methodology</strong>: This is a retrospective descriptive study conducted in an endocrinology outpatient clinic. One hundred subjects who&nbsp; satisfied the inclusion criteria were recruited consecutively. Data analysis was done using Microsoft Excel and the statistical package for&nbsp; social sciences (SPSS version23). Ap-value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analyses.</p> <p><strong>Result</strong>: The average age of the subjects was 45.8 ± 15.1. The female to male ratio in the study was 9:1.Hypertensive patients were 37%,&nbsp; whereas 65% presented with hyperthyroidism, 21% hypothyroidism, 9% euthyroidism, 3% subclinical hyperthyroidism, and 2% subclinical&nbsp; hypothyroidism. The largest majority 62(62.0%) of the subjects had high pulse pressure (&gt; 50mmhg)), among those who had high pulse&nbsp; pressure, 1(1.6%) had subclinical hypothyroidism, 2(3.2%) had subclinical hyperthyroidism. 2(3.2%) presented with euthyroidism, 14(22.6%) had hypothyroidism, and, 43(69.4) had hyperthyroidism. Overall percentage percentage of autoimmune disorders in patients&nbsp; with thyroid dysfunction was 30%. There was a significant association between thyroid disorders and autoimmune disorders.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The study revealed that thyroid disorders are highly prevalent among Yoruba, South-Western Nigeria with preponderance of&nbsp; female occurrence. Hypertension and increased pulse pressure were associated with hyperthyroidism and autoimmune diseases&nbsp; while low, normal BP and pulse pressure were associated with subjects with hypothyroidism, though not statistically significant.&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><em><strong>French title: Schémas de tension artérielle et de pression différentielle chez les patients atteints de troubles thyroïdiens dans un centre de santé tertiaire du sud-ouest du Nigéria</strong></em><br><br><strong>Contexte de l'étude</strong> : Les troubles thyroïdiens occupent la deuxième place parmi la diversité des maladies endocriniennes. Les troubles&nbsp; thyroïdiens ont été impliqués comme un facteur de risque potentiel de troubles de la pression artérielle et de la pression différentielle,&nbsp; avec des facteurs de risque potentiels d'événements cardiovasculaires futurs. Cette étude vise à déterminer le profil de la pression&nbsp; artérielle et de la pression différentielle chez les patients atteints de troubles thyroïdiens.</p> <p><strong>Méthode de l'étude</strong> : Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective descriptive réalisée dans une consultation externe d'endocrinologie. Cent sujets&nbsp; répondant aux critères d'inclusion ont été recrutés consécutivement. L'analyse des données a été réalisée à l'aide de Microsoft Excel et&nbsp; du logiciel statistique pour les sciences sociales (SPSS version 23). Une valeur de p &lt; 0,05 a été considérée comme statistiquement&nbsp; significative pour toutes les analyses.</p> <p><strong>Résultat de l'étude</strong> : L'âge moyen des sujets était de 45,8 ± 15,1. Le ratio femme/homme dans l'étude était de 9 :1. Les patients hypertendus étaient au nombre de 37 %, tandis que 65 % présentaient une hyperthyroïdie, 21 % une hypothyroïdie, 9% une euthyroïdie, 3&nbsp; % une affection subclinique Français hyperthyroïdie et 2 % hypothyroïdie subclinique. La plus grande majorité 62 (62,0 %) des sujets&nbsp; avaient une pression différentielle élevée (&gt; 50 mmhg)), parmi ceux qui avaient une pression différentielle élevée, 1 (1,6 %) souffrait&nbsp; d'hypothyroïdie subclinique, 2 (3,2 %) souffraient d'hyperthyroïdie subclinique. 2 (3,2 %) présentaient une euthyroïdie, 14 (22,6 %)&nbsp; souffraient d'hypothyroïdie et 43 (69,4) souffraient d'hyperthyroïdie. Le pourcentage global de troubles auto-immuns chez les patients&nbsp; atteints de dysfonctionnement thyroïdien était de 30 %. Il y avait une association significative entre les troubles thyroïdiens et les troubles&nbsp; auto-immuns.&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong> : L'étude a révélé que les troubles thyroïdiens sont très répandus chez les Yorubas du sud-ouest du&nbsp; Nigéria, avec une prépondérance de cas chez les femmes. L'hypertension et l'augmentation de la pression différentielle étaient associées&nbsp; à l'hyperthyroïdie et aux maladies auto-immunes, tandis qu'une pression artérielle basse et normale et une pression&nbsp; différentielle étaient associées à des sujets souffrant d'hypothyroïdie, bien que cela ne soit pas statistiquement significatif.&nbsp;</p> A.O. Dada, M.A. Amisu, B.O. Okunowo Copyright (c) 2025 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/rejhs/article/view/290505 Wed, 05 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Changing trends of native renal histopathologic diagnosis in a tertiary health centre in Nigeria https://www.ajol.info/index.php/rejhs/article/view/290507 <p><strong>Background</strong>: Renal biopsy is an essential tool in investigating renal disease. Over the past few years, several authors have described&nbsp; changes in renal histopathologic diagnosis. Several factors may have contributed to this: including improvements in histopathological&nbsp; techniques, patient's demographic data, presence or absence of underlying disease or malignancy.&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Methodology</strong>:We reviewed our&nbsp; database of native renal biopsies done between 1968 and 2022 to study the trend in the histological diagnosis of patients with the nephrotic syndrome.&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: There was a total of 251 biopsy reports for which we had the requisite data which were year of diagnosis&nbsp; and histopathological diagnosis. In the period around 1968, the main histological diagnosis was proliferative glomerulonephritis,&nbsp; followed by membranous glomerulonephritis and miscellaneous. By the period of 1985-2011, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis&nbsp; (MPGN) predominated as histological diagnosis. From 2012-2022, the pattern changed to focal segmental glomerulonephritis.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: There is a changing trend of histopathological diagnosis made from renal biopsy slides. There is a transition to&nbsp; predominance of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Whether this reported trend is real or apparent is still unclear.&nbsp;</p> S. Ajayi, Y. Raji, S. Aminu, H. Alimi, B.L. Salako, A. Arije, S. Kadiri Copyright (c) 2025 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/rejhs/article/view/290507 Wed, 05 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Health-Related Quality of Life of patients with lumbar spondylosis with associated socio-economic and clinical factors in Kwara State https://www.ajol.info/index.php/rejhs/article/view/290516 <p><strong>Background</strong>: Lumbar spondylosis, a degenerative condition affecting the lumbar vertebrae, is of a significant public health concern due&nbsp; to its impact on patients' quality of life. This study investigated the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with lumbar&nbsp; spondylosis and identified factors influencing it.</p> <p><strong>Methodology</strong>: It was a hospital based cross sessional study that employed the use of consecutive sampling technique which was&nbsp; conducted at two tertiary health facilities in Kwara State, Nigeria. The study comprised 176 patients diagnosed with lumbar spondylosis.&nbsp; Data were collected using a structured pro forma questionnaire designed by the authors and the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey&nbsp; (SF-12) questionnaire, covering physical and mental health components. Data were analyzed using SPSS, with the level of significance set at 0.05.</p> <p><strong>Result</strong>: The results revealed that patients with lumbar spondylosis experienced substantial impairments in HRQOL, particularly in&nbsp; physical functioning and general health perception. Older age, divorced or widowed, and prolonged duration of back pain were&nbsp; significantly associated with lower scores in the physical domain.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The study highlighted the importance of multidisciplinary approaches, such as pain management and social support, in the management of lumbar spondylosis.&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong><em>French title: Qualité de vie liée à la santé des patients atteints de spondylose lombaire avec facteurs </em></strong><strong><em>socio-économiques et cliniques associés dans l'État de Kwara</em></strong><br><br><strong>Contexte de l'étude</strong> : La spondylose lombaire, une maladie dégénérative qui touche les vertèbres lombaires, constitue un problème de&nbsp; santé publique majeur en raison de son impact sur la qualité de vie des patients. Cette étude a examiné la qualité de vie liée à la santé&nbsp; (QVLS) chez les patients atteints de spondylose lombaire et a identifié les facteurs qui l'influencent.</p> <p><strong>Méthode de l'étude</strong> : Il s'agissait d'une étude intersessions en milieu hospitalier qui a utilisé la technique d'échantillonnage consécutif&nbsp; et qui a été menée dans deux établissements de santé tertiaires de l'État de Kwara, au Nigéria. L'étude comprenait 176 patients&nbsp; diagnostiqués avec une spondylose lombaire. Les données ont été collectées à l'aide d'un questionnaire pro forma structuré conçu par&nbsp; les auteurs et du questionnaire SF-12 (Short Form Health Survey) en 12 points, couvrant les composantes de santé physique et mentale.&nbsp; Les données ont été analysées à l'aide de SPSS, avec un niveau de signification fixé à 0,05.&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Résultats de l'étude</strong> : Les résultats ont révélé&nbsp; que les patients atteints de spondylose lombaire présentaient des altérations importantes de la qualité de vie liée à la santé, notamment&nbsp; en ce qui concerne le fonctionnement physique et la perception générale de la santé. L'âge avancé, le divorce ou le veuvage et la durée&nbsp; prolongée des douleurs dorsales étaient significativement associés à des scores plus faibles dans le domaine physique.&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong> :&nbsp; L'étude a souligné l'importance des approches multidisciplinaires, telles que la gestion de la douleur et le soutien social, dans la prise en&nbsp; charge de la spondylose lombaire.&nbsp;</p> D. Sulyman, A.T. Kuranga, Y.M. Mahmud, M. Awodun, D.M. Kadir, M. Ademola Copyright (c) 2025 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/rejhs/article/view/290516 Wed, 05 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Asymptomatic presentation of atrial fibrillation in a patient scheduled for emergency exploratory laparotomy https://www.ajol.info/index.php/rejhs/article/view/290518 <p>The diagnosis of Atrial Fibrillation (AF) constitutes a significant consideration to the Anaesthetist. We report a-56-years old man with&nbsp; asymptomatic AF, undergoing emergency laparotomy on account of bowel obstruction from colonic mass. An incidental suspicion of AF&nbsp; was made with radial artery palpation and subsequently confirmed with an urgent 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). He had a&nbsp; multidisciplinary review, and was placed on metoprolol 25mg. He had the surgery under general anaesthesia. About five minutes into the&nbsp; procedure, there were signs of supraventricular tachyarrhythmia (SVT), possibly AF with cardiovascular (CVS) perturbations, i.e., pulse rate (PR) of 190bpm and blood pressure (BP) of 64/38mmHg. Rate control was achieved with intravenous labetalol 5mg every 60&nbsp; seconds in aliquot, till total of 55mg, and RR &lt; 120bpm, BP - 110/60mmHg and sinus rhythm restoration. The AF triggers, i.e., light&nbsp; anaesthesia, pain, vagal stimuli, and volume imbalance were corrected. Subsequent intra- and postoperative care were uneventful. He&nbsp; was placed on daily tab metoprolol 25mg, and aspirin 75mg, discharged home and seen in clinic.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong><em>French title: Présentation asymptomatique de fibrillation auriculaire chez un patient prévu pour une </em></strong><strong><em>laparotomie exploratoire d'urgence</em></strong><br><br>Le diagnostic de fibrillation auriculaire (FA) constitue une considération importante pour l'anesthésiste. Nous rapportons le cas d'un&nbsp; homme de 56 ans atteint de FAasymptomatique, soumis à une laparotomie d'urgence en raison d'une occlusion intestinale due à une&nbsp; masse colique. Une suspicion fortuite de FAa été faite par palpation de l'artère radiale et ultérieurement confirmée par un&nbsp; électrocardiogramme (ECG) à 12 dérivations en urgence. Il a eu un examen multidisciplinaire et a été placé sous métoprolol 25 mg. Il a&nbsp; été opéré sous anesthésie générale. Environ cinq minutes après le début de l'intervention, il y avait des signes de tachyarythmie&nbsp; supraventriculaire (TSV), peut-être une FA avec perturbations cardiovasculaires (CVS), c'est-à-dire une Fréquence Cardiaque (FP) de 190&nbsp; bpm et une pression artérielle (PA) de 64/38 mmHg. Le contrôle de la fréquence a été obtenu par administration intraveineuse de labétalol 5 mg toutes les 60 secondes en aliquote, jusqu'à un total de 55 mg, et une RR &lt; 120 bpm, une PA - 110/60 mmHg et une&nbsp; restauration du rythme sinusal. Les déclencheurs de FA, c'est-à-dire une anesthésie légère, la douleur, les stimuli vagaux et le&nbsp; déséquilibre volumique ont été corrigés. Les soins peropératoires et postopératoires ultérieurs se sont déroulés sans incident. Il a été&nbsp; placé sous métoprolol 25 mg par jour et aspirine 75 mg, a été renvoyé chez lui et a été vu en clinique.&nbsp;</p> M.O. Ikokoh, A.K. Ojo, O.I. Alatise, A.M. Owojuyigbe, J. Abimbola, T.M. Jegede, O.T. Akinwumi Copyright (c) 2025 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/rejhs/article/view/290518 Wed, 05 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Pattern and trend of dermatologic consultations at a University teaching hospital in Lagos, Nigeria https://www.ajol.info/index.php/rejhs/article/view/290519 <p><strong>Background</strong>: The knowledge of the spectrum of skin diseases is typically the foundation for appropriate health planning, policy making,&nbsp; and the allocation of limited resources. The aim of this study therefore, was to determine the spectrum and pattern of dermatologic&nbsp; diseases at our center using the ICD -10 code and to determine the trend of diagnosis.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: This retrospective study of 3354 patients who attended clinic for the first time between January 2017 and December 2022 was&nbsp; conducted at the outpatient skin clinic of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital following ethical approval (LREC/10/06/1209).&nbsp; Diagnoses were coded using the ICD-10 code and data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Among the three thousand, three - hundred and fifty-four patients attended to, 57.7% of them were female. Non-infectious diseases accounted for 84% of the diagnoses and&nbsp; infectious diseases for 16%. The commonest group of diseases were the eczemas (26.4%) followed equally by disorders of skin appendages and, tumors and malignant skin lesions (13.6%). Squamous cell carcinoma (12.5%) was commoner than basal cell carcinoma&nbsp; (7.5%). The ten (10) most common diseases diagnosed in the clinic are acne vulgaris (7.5%), seborrheic dermatitis (7.0%), atopic&nbsp; dermatitis (6.8%), vitiligo (2.9%), lichen planus (2.9%), and psoriasis (2.7%). Non-infectious diseases remained the most common&nbsp; diagnoses made.&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: There is an increasing and improving access to dermatological care. Non-infectious diseases remain the&nbsp; main reasons for clinic attendance. <em>Acne vulgaris, seborrheic dermatitis, </em>and<em> atopic dermatitis</em> make up the bulk of diseases diagnosed at&nbsp; the clinic.&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><em><strong>French title: Modèle et tendance des consultations dermatologiques dans un hôpital universitaire de Lagos, au Nigéria</strong></em><br><br><strong>Contexte de étude</strong>: La connaissance du spectre des maladies cutanées constitue généralement la base d'une planification sanitaire&nbsp; appropriée, de l'élaboration de politiques et de l'allocation de ressources limitées. L'objectif de cette étude était donc de déterminer le&nbsp; spectre et le profil des maladies dermatologiques dans notre centre en utilisant le code CIM-10 et de déterminer la tendance du diagnostic.</p> <p><strong>Methode de l'étude</strong> : Cette étude rétrospective de 3354 patients qui se sont rendus pour la première fois à la clinique entre janvier 2017&nbsp; et décembre 2022 a été menée à la clinique dermatologique ambulatoire de l'hôpital universitaire de l'État de Lagos après approbation&nbsp; éthique (LREC/10/06/1209). Les diagnostics ont été codés à l'aide du code CIM-10 et les données ont été analysées à l'aide de SPSS&nbsp; version 25.&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Résultats de l'étude</strong> : Français Parmi les trois mille trois cent cinquante-quatre patients pris en charge, 57,7 % étaient des&nbsp; femmes. Les maladies non infectieuses représentaient 84 % des diagnostics et les maladies infectieuses 16 %. Le groupe de maladies le&nbsp; plus courant était l'eczéma (26,4 %), suivi à égalité par les troubles des phanères et les tumeurs et lésions cutanées malignes (13,6 %). Le&nbsp; carcinome épidermoïde (12,5 %) était plus fréquent que le carcinome basocellulaire (7,5 %). Les dix (10) maladies les plus fréquemment&nbsp; diagnostiquées à la clinique sont l'acné vulgaire (7,5 %), la dermatite séborrhéique (7,0 %), la dermatite atopique (6,8 %), le vitiligo (2,9 %),&nbsp; le lichen plan (2,9 %) et le psoriasis (2,7 %). Les maladies non infectieuses restaient les diagnostics les plus fréquents.&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>:&nbsp; L'accès aux soins dermatologiques est en augmentation et s'améliore. Les maladies non infectieuses restent les principales raisons de la&nbsp; consultation. L'acné vulgaire, la dermatite séborrhéique et la dermatite atopique constituent la majeure partie des maladies&nbsp; diagnostiquées à la clinique&nbsp;</p> E.L. Anaba, O.M. Cole-Adeife , O. Afolabi, O. Abiola Copyright (c) 2025 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/rejhs/article/view/290519 Wed, 05 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Prevalence of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection among symptomatic children in a tertiary hospital in Southwestern Nigeria: a retrospective study https://www.ajol.info/index.php/rejhs/article/view/290520 <p><strong>Objective(s)</strong>: Acquisition of the bacteria, <em>H. pylori</em> mainly occurs in childhood and may be a crucial factor in developing long-term <em>H.&nbsp; pylori-</em>related complications. This is especially important in developing countries where relatively high rates of <em>H. pylori</em> infection have&nbsp; been reported. Due to limited data concerning the infection in the paediatric population in this locality. This study aimed to investigate&nbsp; the prevalence of <em>H. pylori</em> infection among symptomatic children.</p> <p><strong>Methodology</strong>: This was a retrospective study that involved the review of medical microbiology laboratory records to analyse <em>H. pylori&nbsp;</em> results of stool samples obtained from children with gastrointestinal symptoms suggestive of <em>H. pyloriinfection</em> between January 2022 and&nbsp; December 2023.&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: The overall prevalence of <em>H. pylori</em> infection among children in this study was 30.7% (116/378) with a peak&nbsp; prevalence of 15.3% among the age group &gt; 16 years. The prevalence of infection was associated with age (p=0.035). The prevalence was&nbsp; also higher among females (23.3%) than males but not statistically significant.&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Our study shows a high prevalence of <em>H.&nbsp; pylori</em> infection which increased with age and was highest among children &gt;16 years.&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong><em>French title: Prévalence de l'infection à Helicobacter pylori chez les enfants symptomatiques dans un hôpital tertiaire du sud-ouest du Nigéria : une étude rétrospective</em></strong><br><br><strong>Objectif de l' étude</strong>: L'acquisition de la bactérie <em>H. pylori</em> survient principalement dans l'enfance et peut être un facteur crucial dans le&nbsp; développement de complications à long terme liées à H. pylori. Cela est particulièrement important dans les pays en développement où&nbsp; des taux relativement élevés d'infection à <em>H. pylori</em> ont été signalés. En raison du manque de données concernant l'infection dans la&nbsp; population pédiatrique de cette localité, cette étude visait à étudier la prévalence de l'infection à H. pylori chez les enfants&nbsp; symptomatiques.</p> <p><strong>Méthode de l'étude</strong>: Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective qui impliquait l'examen des dossiers du laboratoire de microbiologie médicale pour analyser les résultats de <em>H. pylori</em> dans des échantillons de selles obtenus auprès d'enfants présentant des&nbsp; symptômes gastro-intestinaux suggérant une infection à <em>H. pylori</em> entre janvier 2022 et décembre 2023.</p> <p><strong>Résultats de l'étude</strong>: La&nbsp; prévalence globale de l'infection à <em>H. pylori</em> chez les enfants de cette étude était de 30,7 % (116/378) avec un pic de prévalence de 15,3 %&nbsp; dans la tranche d'âge &gt; 16 ans. La prévalence de l'infection était associée à l'âge (p = 0,035). La prévalence était également plus élevée chez les femmes (23,3 %) que chez les hommes, mais pas statistiquement significative.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Notre étude montre une prévalence élevée de l'infection à H. pylori qui augmente avec l'âge et est la plus élevée chez les enfants de plus de 16 ans.</p> T.O. Oluwole , H.N. Okunbor, I.I. Otaigbe , A.O. Adekoya , A.O. Osinowo , O.A. Sadare , C.J. Elikwu Copyright (c) 2025 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/rejhs/article/view/290520 Wed, 05 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Burden of disease and quality of life of first degree relatives and other caregivers of patients with chronic kidney disease https://www.ajol.info/index.php/rejhs/article/view/290521 <p><strong>Background</strong>: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses enormous burdens to the individual affected. Caregivers are usually not considered to&nbsp; share in this disease burden (DB). The study aimed to assess the burden of disease in relatives and non-relative caregivers of patients&nbsp; with CKD.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: Analytical descriptive study of caregivers of patients with CKD. The research instruments used were in four parts, the&nbsp; sociodemographic data and 3 DB instruments that include World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire in Brief (WHOQOL– BREF), Caregivers Guilt Questionnaire (CGQ) and Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI)&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Of the 305 caregivers enrolled, 258(84.6%) and&nbsp; 47(15.54%) were relatives and non-relatives, respectively, while 225 (73.8%) caregivers were less than 45 years in age. The mean scores of&nbsp; DB were 90.1±12.7, 21.5± 6.1 and 24.5 ± 13.6 for WHOQOL-BREF, CQG and ZBI, respectively. Increased burden of CKD on caregivers were&nbsp; reported in 47.5%, 59.0% and 62.3% for WHOQOL-BREF, CQG and ZBI, respectively. Durations of dialysis (OR:1.50),) and caregiver&nbsp; (OR:2.36) were factors independently associated with increased DB.&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Majority of the caregivers were young relatives of&nbsp; patients with CKD and reported high burden of disease. Durations of dialysis and caregiving associated with high DB.&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><em><strong>French title: Fardeau de la maladie et qualité de vie des parents au premier degré et autres soignants de patients atteints d'insuffisance&nbsp; rénale chronique Titre du fonctionnement courant : Le fardeau des soignants de patients atteints d'insuffisance rénale chronique</strong></em><br><br><strong>Contexte de l'étude</strong> : L'insuffisance rénale chronique (IRC) représente un fardeau énorme pour la personne concernée. Les soignants&nbsp; ne sont généralement pas considérés comme partageant ce fardeau de la maladie (FM). L'étude visait à évaluer le fardeau de la maladie&nbsp; chez les proches et les soignants non apparentés de patients atteints d'IRC.</p> <p><strong>Méthode de l'étude</strong> : Étude descriptive analytique des soignants de patients atteints d'IRC. Les instruments de recherche utilisés étaient&nbsp; divisés en quatre parties : les données sociodémographiques et 3 instruments DB, dont le questionnaire sur la qualité de vie de&nbsp; l'Organisation mondiale de la santé (WHOQOL-BREF), le questionnaire sur la culpabilité des soignants (CGQ) et l'entretien sur le fardeau&nbsp; de Zarit (ZBI).</p> <p><strong>Résultats de l'étude</strong> : Sur les 305 soignants inclus, 258 (84,6 %) et 47 (15,54 %) étaient respectivement des parents et des non-parents,&nbsp; tandis que 225 (73,8 %) soignants avaient moins de 45 ans. Les scores moyens de DB étaient de 90,1 ± 12,7, 21,5 ± 6,1 et 24,5 ± 13,6 pour&nbsp; les scores WHOQOL-BREF, CQG et ZBI, respectivement. Une augmentation du fardeau de l'IRC sur les soignants a été signalée chez 47,5&nbsp; %, 59,0 % et 62,3 % pour les scores WHOQOL-BREF, CQG et ZBI, respectivement. Durées de dialyse (OR : 1,50) et de soins (OR : 2,36)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: La majorité des soignants étaient de jeunes parents de patients atteints d'IRC et ont signalé une charge de morbidité élevée.&nbsp; Les durées de dialyse et de soins étaient associées à une DB élevée.</p> Yemi. R. Raji , Samuel O. Ajayi, Obioma Uchendu, Babatunde L. Salako Copyright (c) 2025 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/rejhs/article/view/290521 Wed, 05 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Prevalence of atrial fibrillation among people living with HIV-1 on highly active antiretroviral therapy and its relationship with CD4 cell count and viral load at Federal Medical Centre Nguru a tertiary hospital in Yobe state, Northeastern Nigeria https://www.ajol.info/index.php/rejhs/article/view/290522 <p><strong>Introduction</strong>: HIV infection was reported to be independently associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation, low CD4 cell count&nbsp; and high viral load were found to be strongly associated with atrial fibrillation. The objectives of this study was to determine the&nbsp; prevalence of atrial fibrillation and its relationship with CD4 cells count and viral load among people living with HIV1 on highly active&nbsp; antiretroviral therapy (HAART).</p> <p><strong>Materials and method</strong>: The study was a cross-sectional conducted among PLWHIV receiving HAART. CD4 cells count, viral load&nbsp; measurement and electrocardiography were done for all consented patients.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: One hundred (100) subjects were recruited into the study comprising thirty-three (33.0%) males and 67(67.0%) females. The&nbsp; mean CD4 cells count and viral load of the studied patients were 614.99 ± 34.92 cells/μL and 4654±58.79 copies/mL, respectively. The&nbsp; prevalence of atrial fibrillation in this study was found to be 5.0%. Low CD4 cells count and high viral load were found to be associated&nbsp; atrial fibrillation (P= &lt; 0.01 and P= &lt; 0.01 respectively).</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The study showed a low prevalence of atrial fibrillation among PLWHIV&nbsp; on HAART. Low CD4 cells count and high viral load were found to be associated with atrial fibrillation.&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><em><strong>French title: Prévalence de la fibrillation auriculaire chez les personnes vivant avec le VIH-1 sous </strong></em><em><strong>traitement antirétroviral hautement&nbsp; actif et sa relation avec le nombre de cellules CD4 et la </strong></em><em><strong>charge virale au Centre médical fédéral Nguru, un hôpital tertiaire de l'État de&nbsp; Yobe, au </strong></em><em><strong>nord-est du Nigéria</strong></em><br><br><strong>Introduction</strong> : L'infection par le VIH a été associée de manière indépendante à un risque accru de fibrillation auriculaire, un faible taux&nbsp; de cellules Cd4 et une charge virale élevée se sont avérés fortement associés à la fibrillation auriculaire. Les objectifs de cette étude&nbsp; étaient de déterminer la prévalence de la fibrillation auriculaire et sa relation avec le taux de cellules CD4 et la charge virale chez les&nbsp; personnes vivant avec le VIH-1 sous traitement antirétroviral hautement actif (HAART).</p> <p><strong>Matériel et méthode</strong> : L'étude était transversale et menée auprès de personnes vivant avec le VIH sous HAART. Le nombre de cellules&nbsp; CD4, la mesure de la charge virale et l'électrocardiographie ont été effectués pour tous les patients consentants.</p> <p><strong>Résultats</strong> : Cent (100)&nbsp; sujets ont été recrutés dans l'étude comprenant trente-trois (33,0 %) hommes et 67 (67,0 %) femmes. Le nombre moyen de cellules CD4&nbsp; et la charge virale des patients étudiés étaient respectivement de 614,99 ± 34,92 cellules/μLet de 4654 ± 58,79 copies/mL. La prévalence&nbsp; de la fibrillation auriculaire dans cette étude était de 5,0 %. Un faible nombre de cellules CD4 et une charge virale élevée étaient associés&nbsp; à la fibrillation auriculaire (P= &lt; 0,01 et P= &lt; 0,01 respectivement).</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong> : L'étude a montré une faible prévalence de la fibrillation&nbsp; auriculaire chez les PVVIH sous HAART. Un faible nombre de cellules CD4 et une charge virale élevée étaient associés à la fibrillation&nbsp; auriculaire.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> M.M. Baba, H. Abdul, A.A. Ayodele, B.W. Goni, F.G Mairari Copyright (c) 2025 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/rejhs/article/view/290522 Wed, 05 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Considering mentorship as an opportunity for addressing nursing and midwifery faculty shortage in low-income countries: Discursive paper https://www.ajol.info/index.php/rejhs/article/view/290523 <p><strong>Background</strong>: The shortage of nursing and midwifery faculty is one of the many global issues in nursing and midwifery education,&nbsp; particularly impacting lowincome countries. This shortage challenges the effectiveness of midwifery education. To enhance human&nbsp; resources dedicated to educating future nurses and midwives, mentorship has been suggested as a remedy. The aim of this discussion&nbsp; paper is to analyze and substantiate the importance of integrating mentorship in nursing and midwifery education programs using the&nbsp; case of Rwanda as an example.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: As a discursive paper, we draw on both the scholarly literature and our own expertise as nurse and midwife educators to&nbsp; explore the challenge of faculty shortages and the opportunity for mentorship.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Mentorship is a pillar of the nursing and&nbsp; midwifery profession in that it engages junior nurses and midwives in teaching and learning processes.&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Mentorship is&nbsp; proposed as a good response to the shortage of nurses and midwives, and this could positively impact the nursing and midwifery&nbsp; profession by bringing new nurses and midwives into education roles.&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><em><strong>French title: Importance du mentorat dans la formation des infirmières et des sages-femmes</strong></em><br><br><strong>Contexte de l'étude</strong> : La pénurie de professeurs en sciences infirmiéres et Sage-femme est l'un des nombreux problèmes mondiaux de&nbsp; la formation des infirmières et des sages-femmes, qui touche particulièrement les pays à faible revenu. Cette pénurie met en péril&nbsp; l'efficacité de la formation des sages-femmes. Pour améliorer les ressources humaines consacrées à la formation des futurs infirmiers et&nbsp; sages-femmes, le mentorat a été suggéré comme solution.</p> <p><strong>Objectif de l'étude</strong> : L'objectif de ce papier de discussion est d'analyser et de justifier l'importance de l'intégration du mentorat dans les&nbsp; programmes de formation en soins infirmiers et obstétricaux en utilisant le cas du Rwanda comme exemple.</p> <p>&nbsp;<strong>Méthode de l'étude</strong> : En tant qu'article discursif, nous nous appuyons à la fois sur la littérature scientifique et sur notre propre expertise&nbsp; en tant qu'enseignants en soins infirmiers et en sages-femmes pour explorer le défi de la pénurie de professeurs et&nbsp; l'opportunité de mentorat.&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Résultats et conclusion</strong> : Le mentorat est un pilier de la profession d'infirmière et de sage-femme dans la&nbsp; mesure où il engage les infirmières et les sages-femmes juniors dans les processus d'enseignement et d'apprentissage. Le mentorat est&nbsp; proposé comme une bonne réponse à la pénurie d'infirmières et de sages-femmes, et cela pourrait avoir un impact positif sur la&nbsp; profession d'infirmière et de sage-femme en amenant de nouvelles infirmières et sagesfemmes à jouer un rôle éducatif.&nbsp;</p> J.P. Ndayisenga, A. Oudshoorn, Y. Babenko-Mould, Y. Kasine, J. Mukantwari, G. Banamwana, C. Uwimana Copyright (c) 2025 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/rejhs/article/view/290523 Wed, 05 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Microbial spectrum and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern from patients with sepsis in medical emergency unit of a teaching hospital in Nigeria https://www.ajol.info/index.php/rejhs/article/view/290524 <p><strong>Background</strong>: Sepsis is among the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The study aimed to determine the microbial&nbsp; isolates and their antibiotics susceptibility pattern among patients with sepsis in Lagos University Teaching Hospital.</p> <p><strong>Methodology</strong>: It was a cross-sectional hospital-based study carried out in the adult medical emergency unit in patients with clinical&nbsp; diagnosis of suspected sepsis. Clinical samples were obtained and processed according to standard microbiological protocol.</p> <p><strong>Result</strong>:&nbsp; Three hundred patients were enrolled, of which 42.3% were male and 53.7% were female. There were (79, 26.3%) participants that&nbsp; showed blood culture positive. The predominant bacterial pathogens isolated from blood cultures were <em>Staphylococcus aureus (23,&nbsp; 29.1%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (15, 19.0%) </em>and<em> Escherichia coli (13, 16.5%)</em>. Blood cultures and other specimens such as urine,&nbsp; and wound biopsy showed a similar pattern. Over 50% of the bacterial isolates were resistant to commonly prescribed antibiotics, such as&nbsp; third-generation cephalosporins, penicillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The study revealed that <em>Staphylococcus&nbsp; aureus, Klebsiella</em> <em>pneumoniae </em>and<em> Escherichia coli</em> were the most common pathogens isolated. The isolates showed high level of resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><em><strong>French title: Spectre microbien et leur modèle de sensibilité aux antibiotiques chez des patients </strong></em><em><strong>atteints de sepsis dans l'unité d'urgence médicale d'un hospital universitaire au Nigéria</strong></em><br><br><strong>Contexte de l'étude</strong>: Le sepsis est l'une des principales causes de morbidité et de mortalité dans le monde. L'étude visait à déterminer&nbsp; les isolats microbiens et leur profil de sensibilité aux antibiotiques chez les patients atteints de sepsis à l'hôpital universitaire de Lagos.</p> <p><strong>Méthode de l'étude</strong>: Il s'agit d'une étude transversale réalisée en milieu hospitalier dans le service des urgences médicales pour adultes&nbsp; auprès de patients présentant un diagnostic clinique de suspicion de sepsis. Des échantillons cliniques ont été obtenus et traités&nbsp; selon un protocole microbiologique standard.&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Résultats de étude</strong>: Trois cents patients ont été inclus, dont 42,3 % étaient des hommes et&nbsp; 53,7 % des femmes. Parmi les participants (79, 26,3 %), l'hémoculture était positive. Les pathogènes bactériens prédominants isolés des hémocultures étaient Staphylococcus aureus (23, 29,1 %), suivis de Klebsiella pneumoniae (15, 19,0 %) et d'<em>Escherichia coli</em> (13, 16,5 %). Les&nbsp; hémocultures et d'autres échantillons tels que l'urine et la biopsie de plaie ont montré une tendance similaire. Plus, de 50 % des&nbsp; isolats bactériens étaient résistants aux antibiotiques couramment prescrits, tels que les céphalosporines de troisième génération, la&nbsp; pénicilline, la tétracycline et l'érythromycine.&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> L'étude a révélé que <em>Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae et&nbsp; Escherichia coli</em> étaient les pathogènes les plus fréquemment isolés. Les isolats ont montré un niveau élevé de résistance aux&nbsp; antibiotiques couramment prescrits&nbsp;</p> C.N. Idakari, C.B. Ene, F.E. Ehidiamhen Copyright (c) 2025 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/rejhs/article/view/290524 Wed, 05 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000