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Published:
Dec 13, 2021DOI:
10.4314/rejhs.v9i4.4Keywords:
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Main Article Content
Review of the demographic pattern and outcomes of acute chemical poisoning in patients in a tertiary hospital in South-western Nigeria
Abstract
Introduction: Acute chemical poisoning is a public health problem especially in developing countries where there is unrestricted access to chemical products, underreporting and absence of poisoning registers. Despite its importance, there is limited information on acute poisoning among adult population in Nigeria. The study was aimed at determining the demographic pattern and short term outcomes of acute chemical poisoning in patients in a tertiary health institution in South-western Nigeria over a 2 year period.
Methodology: Records of cases of acute chemical poisoning over a 2-year period were retrieved and the following information extracted: socio-demographic data of patient, type of substance ingested, type of poisoning, reason for poisoning, intervention, and outcome of treatment.
Results:There were 58 patients with a M:F ratio of 1:1.1. The mean age was 28.53±13.47 years. The most commonly ingested chemical was organophosphate seen in 31(53.4%). Poisoning was deliberate in 43 (74.1%); 36 patients (62.1%) had atropine; 16 patients (27.6%) had gastric lavage; one patient (1.7%) was dialyzed and 2 patients (3.4%) were admitted into ICU. Mortality rate was 8.6%.
Conclusion: Deliberate acute chemical poisoning was common in young adults. Organophosphate is the most commonly ingested chemical. Government should enforce laws that that would restrict access to potentially harmful chemicals.
French title: Schéma et résultats à court terme d'une intoxication chimique aiguë dans un hôpital tertiaire du sud-ouest du Nigéria
Introduction : Les intoxications chimiques aiguës sont un problème de santé publique en particulier dans les pays en développement où il existe un accès illimité aux produits chimiques, une sous-déclaration et l'absence de registres des intoxications. Malgré son importance, il existe peu d'informations sur les intoxications aiguës parmi la population adulte au Nigéria.
Objectif de l'étude: Déterminer le schéma démographique et les résultats à court terme des intoxications chimiques aiguës chez les patients d'un établissement de santé tertiaire du sud-ouest du Nigéria sur une période de 2 ans.
Méthode de l'étude : Des dossiers de cas d'intoxication chimique aiguë sur une période de 2 ans ont été récupérés et les informations suivantes extraites : données sociodémographiques du patient, type de substance ingérée, type d'intoxication, raison de l'intoxication, intervention et résultat du traitement.
Résultat de l'étude : Il y avait 58 patients avec un rapport M : F de 1:1,1. L'âge moyen était de 28,53 ± 13,47 ans. Le produit chimique le plus couramment ingéré était l'organophosphate vuswzsw3 dans 31 (53,4 %). L'empoisonnement était délibéré dans 43 (74,1 %); 36 patients (62,1%) avaient de l'atropine ; 16 patients (27,6 %) ont eu un lavage gastrique ; un patient (1,7%) a été dialysé et 2 patients (3,4%) ont été admis en réanimation. Le taux de mortalité était de 8,6%.
Conclusion : Les intoxications chimiques aiguës délibérées étaient fréquentes chez les jeunes adultes. L'organophosphate est le produit chimique le plus couramment ingéré. Le gouvernement devrait appliquer des lois qui restreindraient l'accès aux produits chimiques potentiellement nocifs.
