Aspects épidémiologiques, diagnostiques et thérapeutiques de la coxarthrose. A propos de 80 cas

Abstract

There is a paucity of studies about coxarthrosis in Cameroon. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of this disease in Cameroonian milieu. It was a retrospective study of this disease through a population of patients attending a rehabilitation centre for the disabled persons in Cameroon during 13 years. From 1998 to 2010, 30.656 patients have been seen in consultation in general among which 10.107 were orthopedic patients of whose 80 cases of coxarthrosis was notified (0.79%). The average age was 51.21 years. Sixty one patients (76.75%) were seen at advanced stages of the disease. There were 23 primary coxarthrosis versus 57 secondary coxarthrosis. There were 47 males versus 33 females. The mean duration of the beginning of the symptoms was 7.06 years. The attack of the hip was unilateral in 57 patients (71.25%) and bilateral among 23 patients (28.75%). There were 23 primary coxarthrosis for 57 secondary coxarthrosis (71.25%). The traumatisms (31 cases, 36.47%) were the first identified risk factor, followed by avascular necrosis of the femoral head (8 cases, 9.41%). Only 2 patients (3.22%) underwent total hip arthroplasty. The incidence of coxarthrosis remains weak in Cameroon where the population is young in majority. The disease remains however severe in this milieu where patients consult at a late stage and where the total hip arthroplasty is neither available or accessible every-where. The conservative surgical methods, of limited indication, remain the only accessible alternative.