Prevalence of risk factors for chronic kidney disease in a rural adult population in Rivers State

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is on the increase globally with attendant heavy disease burden and high morbidity and mortality especially in the resource poor countries. Preventive measures are increasingly being explored. We undertook a survey to determine the prevalence of some risk factors of CKD and identify the at-risk individuals.
Methods: Body mass index (BMI), dip-stick urine protein and urine glucose, random blood glucose and blood pressures were measured in adult subjects of Barako, a rural community in the Gokana Local Government area of Rivers state during a one-day Rotary eye camp exercise.
Results: Out of the 154 subjects that responded, 152 satisfied the inclusion criteria and were studied.  They had a mean age of 48.9 + 14.8(18-85) years and M:F ratio of 1:1.4. The  mean body mass index (BMI) was 25.8 + 4.8 (11.1-40 .9) kg/m2. Forty-nine subjects (34.8%) were pre-obese while 13.5% were Obese.  Proteinuria was seen in 29.7% while none of the subjects had glycosuria. The mean random blood glucose was 6.6 +1.4(4.2-9.8) mmol/l. Four subjects (5%) were previously diagnosed diabetics.The mean systolic blood pressure was 129.9 + 21.6(100-220) mmHg, mean diastolic blood pressure was 70.9 + 13.1(50-110) mmHg and the prevalence of hypertension was 27.9%. BMI showed positive correlation with proteinuria (r = +0.2), while both systolic and diastolic blood pressures showed weak positive correlations with proteinuria (r = +0.02 and r = +0.06 respectively).
Conclusions: The study shows, that the evaluated risk factors of CKD, obesity, hypertension, diabetes and proteinuria are common in this rural community of Rivers State.

Keywords: Chronic kidney disease (CKD), Risk factors, Rural community, Rivers State