Characterizing institutional factors associated with compliance to rabies post-exposure prophylaxis in the Maswa District, Tanzania: perceptions from health care provider, Maswa district, Tanzania

Abstract

Introduction: every year, an estimated 59,000 people worldwide lose their lives due to rabies. Although rabies is entirely preventable  through the availability of human rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), several obstacles hinder people from accessing and  completing this life-saving treatment.

Methods: in-depth interviews were employed to explore the perceptions and experiences of  healthcare workers regarding institutional factors associated with compliance with rabies PEP in Maswa district, Tanzania. About 11 in- depth interviews were conducted with healthcare workers. Among the healthcare workers, the majority were females, accounting for 63.6% (n=7).

Results: the findings suggest that healthcare professionals' knowledge, skills, and commitment play a pivotal role in  deliveringeffective PEP, and their continuous education and training are essential for maintaining high-quality care. Additionally, the unavailability of essential medical instruments,  such as 0.5cc needles for intradermal injections, can hinder the administration of PEP, potentially leading to vaccine wastage and  increased costs, which may discourage patients from seeking treatment. Furthermore, the study highlights the critical role of effective  leadership and management in ensuring the availability and prioritization of PEP resources, as inadequate management can result in  vaccine shortages and financial inefficiencies, ultimately affecting patients' access to and compliance with PEP.

Conclusion: to improve  PEP compliance in the Maswa District, ongoing education and training on current guidelines are vital to healthcare professionals.  Ensuring a consistent supply of essential medical instruments like 0.5cc needles is necessary to minimize waste and cost. Effective  leadership and management in healthcare facilities should prioritize resource allocation and vaccine availability. Additionally, considering  financial support for patients can help alleviate the high costs associated with rabies PEP, promoting better adherence.