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Aug 23, 2024Keywords:
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Prevalence of multidrug resistant extended spectrum β-lactamase producing E. coli in live chicken and chicken products in Zanzibar
Abstract
Introduction: antimicrobial resistance due to the emergence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Escherichia coli (ESBL E. coli) is a global health threat. Chicken is a known reservoir and contributes to the dissemination of ESBL producing E. coli in the food production chain as documented by studies conducted elsewhere including Tanzania Mainland. However, information is scarce in Zanzibar. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of multidrug resistant ESBL producing E. coli in chicken and chicken products.
Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted from March to September 2022. Samples were randomly collected in Mwanakwerekwe market. The ESBL producing E. coli were identified using conventional bacterial culture and biochemical tests. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility and Multidrug Resistance (MDR) of the isolates tested against six classes of antibiotics.
Results: overall, the prevalence of ESBL E. coli was 39(14.9%), 18(46.2%) among broilers, 15(38.5%) in layers, and 6(38.5%) in indigenous chicken (p>0.05). In total, 10(35.7%) isolates were recovered from imported frozen broiler meat and 18(64.3%) from fresh local broiler meat. A high level of antimicrobial resistance of the isolates was observed against tetracycline 38(97.6%), ampicillin 39(97.6%), and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim 31(79.2%). All isolates showed full susceptibility to amoxicillinclavulanate and meropenem. A high resistance rate was observed among all ESBL producing E. coli strains isolated in broiler chicken (42.8%-100%).
Conclusion: multidrug resistance of ESBL producing E. coli was prevalent in live chicken and chicken products in Zanzibar. High levels of antimicrobial resistance of ESBL producing E. coli were observed against commonly used antibiotics for the treatment of poultry infection. It is important to improve surveillance of ESBL producing E. coli in poultry industries.
