The impact of HIV infection on surgical gastrointestinal diseases at the Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Introduction: various gastrointestinal diseases affect surgical patients. Literature on the burden and outcomes of surgical gastrointestinal diseases in a high HIV infection prevalence is scares. This study aimed to investigate this topic at the Princess Marina Hospital.

Methods: medical records of patients admitted with surgical gastrointestinal diseases to adult surgical wards were reviewed from August 2017 to July 2018. Demographics, date of admission and discharge, HIV status, CD4 count, and outcomes were analyzed.

Results: six-hundred and ninety-eight (698) patients with known HIV infection status and surgical gastrointestinal diseases were admitted. HIV+ patients contributed 274 (39.3%). Among HIV+, females contributed 147 (53.6%). Symptomatic gallbladder stone disease was significantly higher in HIV- patients, p=0.008; while anal cancers, p=0.001, anal warts, p=0.001, and perianal infections and fistulae, p=0.010 were significantly higher in HIV+ patients. Overall, surgical site infections were recorded in 15 (2.1%) and mortalities in 43 (6.2%). The mortality rate was higher in HIV+ than in HIV- patients, p=0.048. The total number of surgical procedures and median hospital stays among HIV- and HIV+ patients were not statistically significant, p=0.868 and p=0.249 respectively. The total number of complications, p=0.338, mortality, p=0.149, and median hospital stay, p=0.181, among HIV+ patients based on CD4 count, < 200 vs. ≥ 200, were not significantly different.

Conclusion: symptomatic gallbladder stone diseases were significantly higher in HIV- patients; while anal cancer, anal warts, and perianal infections and perianal fistulae were significantly higher in HIV+ patients. HIV+ patients had a significantly higher mortality rate than HIV- patients, and this needs further investigation.