Trends and patterns of maternal deaths from 2015 to 2019, associated factors and pregnancy outcomes in rural Lagos, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Introduction: maternal mortality is still a problem attracting global attention, with an estimate of 289,000 maternal deaths annually. Over half of these deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa, with Nigeria accounting for 14% of the global maternal deaths. This study assessed the trends and patterns of maternal deaths, associated factors, and pregnancy outcomes in a rural area in Lagos, Nigeria

Methods: this study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive research design. A retrospective assessment of all maternal deaths that occurred at Epe Local Government Area (LGA) from 2015 to 2019 was done. A validated checklist was used to retrieve information from the records of 96 deceased. Ethical approval was obtained for the study. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Analyses were done using descriptive and inferential statistics at a significance level of 0.05.

Results: highest number of maternal deaths 24 (23%) were recorded in the year 2015. The maternal mortality ratio was 1,645 per 100,000 live births. The highest direct cause of maternal death was eclampsia (27.1%), while the highest indirect cause was anemia (5.2%). Chances of maternal death increased with nonregistered pregnancy (71.9%), and non-institutional delivery (79.2%). Poor pregnancy outcomes include; stillbirth (60.4%), and preterm babies (62.5%). Statistical associations were found between maternal deaths and parity (p = 0.004).

Conclusion: the maternal mortality ratio in rural areas is still very high and far from the proposed global target of 70 per 100,000. These maternal deaths are linked to direct and indirect causes. Maternal deaths could result in poor pregnancy outcomes.