Determination of salt content in traditional and industrial Moroccan white bread by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Abstract

Introduction: evaluating the sodium content of staple foods is essential for implementing a salt reduction strategy. In Morocco, bread is a major contributor to sodium intake. However, currently few studies have been carried out to assess the salt content in bread. Our study aimed to estimate the sodium and salt content of white bread available in artisanal and industrial bakeries in the twelve regions of Morocco. Methods: it is a cross-sectional study of the sodium content of white bread available for sale in artisanal and industrial bakeries in Morocco (N=120). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to quantify the sodium content of the bread. The percentage of samples meeting the recommendations and bread contribution to the daily salt intake was calculated. Results: the results of our study show that the mean levels of sodium and salt added to bread samples were 5.7 ± 1.5 g/Kg and 14.5 ± 3.7 g/Kg, respectively. With an average of 4.4 ± 0.5 g/Kg and 11.2 ± 1.2 g/Kg for artisanal bread and an average of 7.0 ± 0.8 g/Kg and 17.8 ± 2.1 g/Kg for industrial bread, respectively. Daily salt intake from bread consumption (500 g/d/person) is estimated at 5.6 g/d (52.8% of total salt intake) for artisanal bread and 8.9 g/d (84% of total salt intake) for industrial bread. Conclusion: bread salt content in Morocco exceeds the recommended threshold of the national federation of bakery and pastry and health authorities. Further efforts are necessary to increase knowledge and awareness of bakers and to teach them how to reduce salt content without affecting the flavor and the quality of their products.