The burden of diabetic complications in subjects with type 2 diabetes attending the diabetes clinic of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria - a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Introduction: the increasing prevalence of diabetes (DM) worldwide has resulted in an increase in the morbidity and mortality of DM. This burden is as a result of the development of the chronic complications associated with it. This study determined the burden of occurrence of microvascular and macrovascular complications of subjects with type 2 diabetes attending the out -patient clinic of a tertiary hospital in south west Nigeria.

Methods: this cross-sectional study involved 400 consecutive subjects with type 2 diabetes. A study proforma was used to document the socio demographic data. While clinical assessment for anthropometric measurement, blood pressure was done. Laboratory measurement of blood glucose control and lipids were done. Assessment of the occurrence of microvascular and macrovascular complications were performed and documented.

Results: four hundred type 2 DM participants made up of 190 males and 210 females with a mean age of 60.35±9.53 years, with a mean age of 60.35(SD 9.53) years for males and 60.81(SD10.29) years for females. Median duration of DM for all subjects was 6.00(IQR 3.00 - 11.00) years. Majority (45%) of the participants were overweight. The prevalence of hypertension was 78% and poor glycaemia using HBA1C was 75.5% and 59.8% had dyslipidaemia. The occurrence of microvascular complications (diabetic neuropathy - 82%, diabetic retinopathy - 46% and diabetic nephropathy - 44%) 69.3% while macrovascular complications (peripheral arterial disease - 42.5%, stroke - 4%, electrocardiographic changes if ischaemic heart disease -9.3% and left ventricular hypertrophy - 22%) in 49%. Regression analyses showed advancing age aOR (1.18 [95%CI 1.01 - 1.38]) and waist circumference (aOR 1.17 [95% CI 1.00 - 1.36]), as significant contributors to the presence of diabetes complications.

Conclusion: the risk factors of both microvascular and macrovascular complications remain high in our clinic and this is linked to the high burden of diabetes mellitus and its long duration.