Impact of a tailored-care education programme on maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Introduction: patient education is a key component of positive pregnancy and childbearing experiences, especially in women with gestational diabetes (GDM). Scant studies assessed the impact of tailored self-care education on pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study aimed to assess the effect of a tailored-care education programme on maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with GDM during pregnancy and at birth.

Methods: this was a randomized controlled trial conducted in a university hospital in the centre of Tunisia, from October 2020 to May 2021. The intervention group (n=61) received a self-care education programme with the usual care plan for GDM, while the control group received only the usual care plan (n=60). This trial was registered in the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry under the registration number PACTR202106591503674.

Results: at baseline, there was no significant difference between groups in terms of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. The findings showed that the intervention significantly reduced maternal and neonatal hospitalizations (p=0.000), caesarean section (p=0.002), preterm labour (p=0.002), macrosomia (p=0.000), foetal distress (p=0.001), newborn respiratory complication (p=0.01) and hypoglycaemia (p=0.000).

Conclusion: implementing a tailored-care education for pregnant women with GDM had a positive impact on mother and infant clinical outcomes. Midwives and endocrinologists should use this programme to reduce maternal and neonatal complications during and after pregnancy.