Prevalence and control of hypertension among people living with HIV receiving care at a Nigerian hospital

Abstract

Introduction: with the introduction of newer and safer antiretroviral drugs, HIV positive persons are now living longer. Consequently, cardiovascular diseases associated with ageing and chronic low grade inflammation due to the presence of the virus are increasingly found in this population. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and control of hypertension among people living with HIV (PLHIV) receiving care at a Nigerian hospital.

Methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted as part of the patient´s HIV Knowledge Questionnaire (PHKQ) validation study among HIV positive outpatients at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Hypertension was self-reported and confirmed by a documented physician diagnosis in the patient´s case notes and/or self-reported use of antihypertensive medication. For each participant, the average of two close blood pressure (BP) measurements obtained using an automatic upper arm BP monitor was taken as the BP. Hypertension control was defined as SBP <140 mmHg and DBP <90 mmHg. Data were analysed using the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) v.21.0. Results were considered significant at p < 0.05.

Results: prevalence of hypertension among PLHIV was 24.9%. Age (OR = 1.112, CI = 1.074 – 1.151, p < 0.001), body mass index (OR = 1.087, CI = 1.024 – 1.154, p = 0.004) and duration on antiretroviral therapy (OR = 1.169, CI = 1.090 – 1.254, p < 0.001) significantly predicted hypertension. Only 19 (24.4%) participants had controlled hypertension.

Conclusion: hypertension is common among PLHIV seeking care at a Nigerian hospital. However, its control remains suboptimal. Regular screening for hypertension, its appropriate treatment and optimal control are essential in PLHIV.