Demographic, endoscopic and histological profile of esophageal cancer at the Gastroenterology Department of Maputo Central Hospital from January 2016 to December 2018

Abstract

Introduction: esophageal cancer is a major public health problem in Mozambique. It is the nineth most common cancer worldwide in terms of incidence (604.000 new cases/year), and sixth in overall mortality (544.076 deaths/year). In Mozambique esophageal cancer was the seventh most common cancer in males and the fifth in females between 1991 and 2008.

Methods: it was done a cross-sectional hospital-based epidemiological study, using secondary demographics endoscopic and pathologic features data. A retrospective analysis of the existing information of patients classified as esophageal cancer diagnosed with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy observed from January 1^st, 2016 to December 31^st, 2018 at the Gastroenterology Service of Maputo Central Hospital. A coding sheet was created a priori, and data analysed in SPSS version 20.

Results: of the 205 cases with complete records where included in the analysis, there was a higher frequency of females with 56.6% (116/205). The average age was 59.5 years with standard deviation of ± 12.9 years. Most of the patients were native of southern Mozambique, with 92.7% (190/205), of which Maputo made up 53.2% (109/205). Regarding race, 99.5% (204/205) were black. The most affected endoscopic location was the middle third with 48.8% (100/205), followed by the lower third with 29.8% (61/205) and the upper third with 21.5% (44/205). Squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent, with 92.7% (190/205), followed by adenocarcinoma with 4.9% (10/205).

Conclusion: due to the high number of observed cases of esophageal cancer, a high degree of clinical suspicion is needed for timely diagnosis and more effective treatment. Updated prevalent studies are needed throughout the country to understand the true impact of esophageal cancer on the Mozambican population.