Effects of IV dexmedetomidine as a pre-medication on clinical profile of bupivacaine spinal anaesthesia in lower abdominal surgeries: a randomized clinical study

Abstract

Introduction: to evaluate the effects of intravenous (IV) dexmedetomidine as a pre-medication on clinical profile of bupivacaine spinal anaesthesia in lower abdominal surgeries.

Methods: this prospective randomized double blind study was done on 60 patients with ASA grade I/II undergoing lower abdominal surgeries under bupivacaine spinal anaesthesia. They were allocated to group-1 and group-2. Group-1 (control group) received normal saline and group-2 (study group) received IV dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg over 10 min as premedication. Five minutes after premedication, subarachnoid block (SAB) was given with 3 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine following which sensory and motor blockade, hemodynamic changes, sedation, and complications of the surgery were recorded and this data was analyzed statistically using χ² test, corrected χ² test, Fisher´s exact test, and test of proportion (Z-test).

Results: the results of the present study showed that in group-2 there was significant decrease in the onset of sensory block, higher level of sensory blockade achieved, less time required to attain highest level of anaesthesia, prolonged time required for 2 dermatomal regression, prolonged duration of sensory blockade, prolonged duration of analgesia, decrease in onset of motor blockade, no significant increase in duration of motor blockade, there was overall hemodynamic stability except for few cases of bradycardia responding to atropine and hypotension responding to mephentramine, adequate and acceptable intraoperative sedation, and significantly less incidence of shivering in perioperative period.

Conclusion: IV infusion of dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg body weight prior to SAB can be recommended to achieve better sensory blockade and adequate hemodynamic stability and sedation.