Comparative functional exercise capacity of patients with type 2-diabetes and healthy controls: a case control study

Abstract

Introduction: functional Exercise Capacity (FEC) is a valid measure of physical fitness in health and disease. However, there is paucity of studies on FEC in African patients with Type-2 Diabetes (T2D). This study compared FEC between patients with T2D and healthy controls.

Methods: thirty five patients with T2D (18 men, 17 women) and 35 (16 men, 19 women) age-sex matched healthy controls participated in this case-control study. Anthropometric and demographic characteristics and cardiovascular parameters were measured following standard procedures. A glucometer was used to determine the Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) level following at least 8 hours of overnight fasting. FEC was assessed using the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) while Hand Grip Strength (HGS) test was measured with an electronic dynamometer. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Alpha level was set at p< 0.05.

Results: patients with T2D and controls were similar in age (p>0.05). There were significant differences in the distance covered during 6MWT between patients and controls (t= 0.329; p =0.03), exercise capacity (t=0.329; p=0.03), FBG (t=7.403; p=0.001), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (t=12.56; p=0.001 and t = 27.23; p = 0.001) respectively. There were significant inverse relationships between 6MWD and Body mass index (r = -0.39; p=0.02) and FBS(r = -0.51; p=0.02) in patients with type-2 respectively. No significant association was found between exercise capacity and HGS (p>0.05).

Conclusion: patients with type-2 diabetes demonstrated lower functional exercise capacity than healthy controls. High body mass index and fasting blood glucose were significantly associated with lower functional exercise capacity.