Profile of geriatric presentations at the emergency department of a rural district hospital in South Africa

Abstract

Introduction: the geriatric population is increasing in South Africa and globally. According to Statistics South Africa (STATSSA), people aged 60 years or older constitute approximately 8.4%-9.3% of the population in the Free State province, South Africa, the majority of which are rural dwellers. Elderly patients constitute a high percentage of patients presenting at the emergency department (ED) and it has been suggested that understanding the pattern of geriatric morbidities presenting at the ED can help prepare the healthcare workers and the healthcare system to confront the challenges of delivering acute geriatric care. In this present study, we compiled the profile of geriatric patients that presented at the ED of Botshabelo district hospital (BDH), Free State province, South Africa, with the aim of formulating evidence-based strategies to improving quality of service and patient outcome.

Methods: this was a descriptive, retrospective cross-sectional clinical audit of all geriatric cases (≥ 65 years), that presented at the ED of BDH from January 1^st 2017, to March 31^st 2017.

Results: geriatric cases accounted for 25% of the total adult ED presentation at BDH. The majority (66.6%, n=197) of the patients were female and the mean age at presentation was 75 years. The majority (63.5%) of cases were self-referred and trauma (fracture) was the most frequently diagnosed morbidity. More than half (53.7%) of the cases were classified as priority 2 (P2) and the average waiting time was 86 ± 93 minutes. Less than half of the patients (48.3%; n=143) were admitted for further management, while 36.1% (n=107) of them were discharged from the ED. The remaining 46 cases (15.5%) were referred to a tertiary hospital for further management.

Conclusion: it is crucial that healthcare facilities in South Africa recognise the special needs of elderly patients due to the growing aging population. Compiling the profile of geriatric cases presenting at ED can help identify crucial area of need and help prepare the healthcare workers and the healthcare system to confront challenges of delivering acute geriatric care. Findings presented herein will assist in formulating evidence-based strategies to improve geriatric patient outcome at the ED in BDH.