Relationship between dry eye and glycosylated haemoglobin among diabetics in Ibadan, Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction: dry eye is a fairly common ocular surface disorder which significantly affects the quality of life of patients. This study aimed to
determine the prevalence, and relationship between dry eye and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) among patients with diabetes mellitus.
Methods: this was a descriptive hospital-based study conducted among patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and attending the Diabetic Clinic
at a tertiary health facility in Ibadan, south-western Nigeria. Dry eye was assessed using the standardized Ocular Surface Disease Index Questionnaire
administered to the eligible respondents on dry eye symptoms. Detailed ocular examination including the tear break-up time (TBUT) and Schirmer I
test were carried out and a recent glycosylated haemoglobin value was also obtained. Results: one hundred and eighty-nine Type 2 diabetic patients
were studied, with 68.8% female and a mean age of 60.2 ± 10.3 years. The frequency of dry eye among patients was 21.7% (95% CI, 15.8-27.6).
The most commonly reported symptoms of dry eye were "feeling of gritty sensation" (78%, 95% CI, 65.4-90.7) and "blurred vision" (73.2%, 95%
CI, 59.6-86.7) while "discomfort in windy areas" (61%, 95% CI, 46.0-75.9) was the most common environmental trigger. No statistically significant
correlation was noted between dry eye and HbA1c (r = 0.086, p= 0.239), and age (r = 0.096, p = 0.1) Conclusion: dry eye is fairly common among
patients with diabetes mellitus with most frequent symptoms being gritty sensation and blurred vision. No significant correlation was noted between
dry eye and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c).