Risk factors and poor prognostic factors of preeclampsia in Ibn Rochd University Hospital of Casablanca: about 401 preeclamptic cases

Abstract

Preeclampsia is a gestational pathology that complicates 2 to 8% of pregnancies and is one of the major causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and
mortality worldwide. The aim of this work was to study the epidemiological profile of preeclampsia in Casablanca and to identify risk factors as well
as factors of poor maternal and fetal prognosis. 401 preeclamptic cases were collected in the gynecology-obstetrics "C" Service of Lalla Meryem
Maternity of Ibn Rochd University Hospital of Casablanca (2010-2011) were included in this study and a statistical analysis with the SPSS software
version (16.0) was performed. We used the Chi-2 test to analyze qualitative variables and Student's test and ANOVA (analysis of variance) for
quantitative variables. The incidence of preeclampsia was (7.1%). The epidemiological profile was that of a primipara (57.6%), average age 30 years
and (66.8%) of pregnancies were not followed. Multiparity was a factor of poor maternal prognosis (p = 0.007). The low gestational age and no
prenatal care were factors of maternal as well as fetal prognosis. Risk factors frequently found in our patients were obesity (15.21%) and chronic
hypertension (5.73%) as vascular-renal history; abortion (16.46%) and perinatal death (5.24%) as obstetric history. Preeclampsia is a common
obstetric pathology in our context. Better prenatal care and early diagnosis could reduce its incidence.