Knowledge of tuberculosis management using directly observed treatment short course therapy among final year medical students in South Western Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction: Equipping medical graduates with the competence to manage tuberculosis is not just  imperative but also urgent as the diseases have been consistently listed as one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. However, there were no baseline studies done on knowledge of final year medical students on various aspects of TB diagnosis and management under directly observed treatment short course therapy (DOTS) which forms the basis of this study.

Methods: A total of 241 final year medical students from three medical colleges in Nigeria were  interviewed. The questions assessed their knowledge about various modes of transmission, symptoms  and management of tuberculosis under DOTS.

Results: More than half of the respondents (i.e. 69%) had poor knowledge on TB disease. Only 33.6%  mentioned sputum smear as the best tool of diagnosing TB according to guideline. Poor knowledge was  also exhibited when asked of various categories under DOTS treatment regimen, as 46.1% correctly  mentioned cat 1 and 2. Minority 18.7% and 6.7% had complete knowledge of 6 months duration for new  TB cases and 8 months for re-treatment cases respectively. Less than one tenth, i.e. 4.6% and 2.9%   could correctly defined what is called a new TB case and re-treatment cases according to standard  guideline.

Conclusion: The study reveals gross inadequacies in TB knowledge and management practices among Nigerian final year medical students. There is urgent need for incorporation of National TB guideline into existing undergraduate medical education curriculum as well as students rotation through activities in DOTS clinic.

Key words: Tuberculosis, Directly observed treatment short course therapy (DOTS).