The Political Economy of Commercial Agricultural Land in Ethiopia

Abstract

This paper provides a critical examination of the political economy of commercial agricultural land in Ethiopia, taking a case from the peripheral State of  Gambella where the Anyuaa and the Nuer ethnic groups interact. Since 2002, the government of Ethiopia has pursued a controversial investment  approach that promotes large-scale investment dominated by FDI while officially denouncing the current wave of the neoliberal economic discourse.  Such investment ventures in the State of Gambella have put significant agricultural lands under a long-term lease to foreign developers. The central  argument of this study lies in the point that, in a political economy avenue where practices contradict official state ideology, mechanized agricultural  developments face failure beyond adverse social and ecological crises. Under the guise of the political economy of development where the state takes in  hand the responsibility for playing a leadership role, private developers cannot easily find a space for leverage for making productive investments.  Rather, such ventures as the case of Gambella tend to institute land alienation of the rural indigenous poor who are already marginalized because of their  double-peripheral positions – a manifestation of South in the South. The consequence of both inter-group relations and the environment is  catastrophic. The paper concludes that the influence of (trans)national companies on indigenous communities living especially in fragile environments  continues to be disconcerting whereas the conflation of the neoliberal inspiration in the peripheral regions appears to be disguising while leaving the  local environment and inter-group relations at stake. Thus, the Ethiopian government should recognize the contradiction between its official ideology    and the investment practices in agricultural lands overtaken by (trans)national developers.