Implications of Solar Wind Disturbances on Forbush Decrease

Abstract

This study investigated the role of solar wind disturbances on variations in cosmic ray intensity. To conduct the study, use was made of  the data on cosmic rays from the SOPO, CLMX, and MOSC neutron stations, as well as solar wind speed data from 2000 to 2005. The  source Forbush decrease (FD) dates were generated from onset journal publications, specifically the FD list of Dumbovi ́c et al., (2011).  The manual method of FD selection was used to identify FDs. The FD dates, computed magnitudes, and solar wind speed data were  recorded and presented. From the study, FDs were generated, some of which were of the same date as those in the source table, while  others were not observed in the source table. FDs not observed in the source table were generated and catalogued by this research. It  was also observed that the magnitude of FDs generally depends on the coordinates of the observing neutron stations. A strong  correlation with a value of cc = 0.93 was observed between FDs of SOPO and MOSC stations, followed by FDs of CLMX and MOSC stations  of value cc = 0.89, and lastly, FDs of SOPO and CLMX stations of value cc = 0.74. This implies that observed FDs from neutron stations are  coordinate-dependent. The correlation between FD magnitudes and solar activities shows that solar wind had a high and significant  correlation with FD magnitude to the tune of cc = 0.54. Based on the findings, the study concludes that solar wind disturbances play a  crucial role in causing a sharp decrease in the intensity of cosmic rays known as Forbush decrease.