First detection and genetic characterization of chicken infectious anemia virus in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Abstract

Background: Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) caused by the CIA virus (CIAV) is considered one of the most important  immunosuppressive diseases affecting chickens and recently poses a great economic burden to the poultry industry worldwide.

Aim: This study aims to identify the presence of CIAV in the Mekong Delta (MD), Vietnam, and to determine genotypes
of CIAVs that are currently circulating in this area.

Methods: Organ samples (spleen, liver, and thymus) of 144 chickens suspected with CIA from 47 poultry farms were
collected. A total of 47 pooled samples, each containing 2–4 chickens from each farm, were tested for the presence of
CIAV.

Results: Twenty out of 47 pooled organ samples (pool of 2–4 chickens per farm) were positive for CIAV using  polymerase chain reaction targeting the viral VP1 gene. The VP1 amplicons of eight representative CIAVs were  subjected  to sequencing and genetic characterization. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial VP1 gene sequence  revealed that the CIAVs detected in the MD grouped into different genotypes of II, IIIa, and IIIc together with CIAVs previously detected in the northern Vietnam and other Asian countries. The phylogenetic analysis also confirmed that  detected CIAVs genetically differed from vaccine strains. In addition, deduced amino acids of the VP1 identified several  critical amino acid substitutions in the VP1 protein that are likely associated with the virulence of CIAV.

Conclusion: This  is the first report to detect and determine the genetic characterization of the circulating CIAVs in the MD. Therefore, this  study provides an important understanding of the evolution of CIAVs and highlights the importance of implementing  prompt control measures against CIAVs in the MD and Vietnam.